Penggunaan Pengawet dan Pemanis Buatan pada Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah (PJAS) di Wilayah Kabupaten Kulon Progo-DIY
Chatarina Wariyah(1*), Sri Hartati Candra Dewi(2)
(1) Fakultas Agroindustri, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Jl. Wates Km. 10 Yogyakarta 55753
(2) Fakultas Agroindustri, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Jl. Wates Km. 10 Yogyakarta 55753
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
School-food (SF) is processed-foods sold by vendor in the elementary school. Recently, many SF has been found to contain excessive food additives and used hazardous substances those are prohibited i.e. formalin, boric acid and rhodamin. The prebious survey showed that the considerations for buying food of most people in Kulon Progo District of DIY province were price, taste, appearance, and were not of the quality and nutrition. The purpose of this research was to determine the SF profile in Kulon Progo District, especially those used excessive food additive (preservative and artificial sweetener), SF with hazardous substances, and the relation between SF condition and the education level of the vendor. The sampling method used Proportionate Random Sampling consists of two stages, namely: 1) sampling to determine the sub-district samples and 2) sampling to determine the amount of the elementary-school of each sub-district for SF sampling. The data were collected by direct observation, interview and experimental method. Analysis of sodium benzoat and sorbic acid, saccharin, sodium cyclamate, and unrecommended/hazardous substances were conducted in BBPOM Laboratory and BLK of Yoyakarta. The data were statistically analyzed by statistic-descriptive and processed with microsoft excell and SPSS for window version 13 for Spearman correlative test.The research showed that SF at the elementary school in Kulon Progo District indicated to contain excessive food additives and hazardous substances. There were 4% samples containing excessive sodium benzoat, sorbic acid and 8% samples containing excessive artificial sweetener of sodium cyclamate. SF with boric acid was 3% samples (cilok, sosis, kerupuk rambak) and with formalin was 1% samples (burjo,cimol). There was a significant correlation between the education level of the SF vendor with knowledge about formalin, boric acid and artificial sweetener.
ABSTRAK
Pangan jajanan anak sekolah (PJAS) merupakan pangan olahan yang biasa dijual di Sekolah Dasar. Saat ini diketahui banyak PJAS mengandung Bahan Tambahan Pangan (BTP) yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan (TMS) dan menggunakan bahan berbahaya (formalin, rhodamin, boraks). Survei menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di Kabupaten Kulon Progo-DIY dalam membeli produk pangan lebih mengutamakan pertimbangan harga murah, rasa, dan penampilan daripada mutu dan gizi. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan profil PJAS yang beredar di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Secara khusus tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi PJAS dengan BTP (pengawet dan pemanis) TMS, penggunaan bahan berbahaya pada PJAS dan mengevaluasi korelasi antara pendidikan pedagang PJAS dengan pengetahuan tentang bahan tambahan. Sampling dilakukan dengan metode Proportionate Random Sampling, terdiri dua strata yaitu: strata I sampling untuk menentukan kecamatan terpilih dan strata II sampling untuk menentukan jumlah SD tiap kecamatan tempat mengambil sampel PJAS. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi atau pengamatan langsung, interview dan metode eksperimen untuk menentukan pengawet dan pemanis TMS dan bahan berbahaya. Analisis pengawet Na benzoat dan asam sorbat, pemanis sakarin dan Na-siklamat, bahan berbahaya boraks dan formalin dilakukan di laboratorium BBPOM dan BLK Yogyakarta. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dan diolah menggunakan program microsoft excell dan SPSS for window version 13 untuk menguji korelasi Spearmen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PJAS yang beredar di Sekolah Dasar di kabupaten Kulon Progo terindikasi mengandung bahan tambahan pangan dengan dosis TMS dan bahan berbahaya yang dilarang. Terdapat 4% sampel PJAS dengan pengawet sodium benzoat dan asam sorbat TMS dan pemanis sodium siklamat 8% sampel. PJAS mengandung boraks ada 3% sampel (cilok, sosis, kerupuk rambak) dan formalin 1% sampel pada burjo dan cimol. Ada korelasi antara tingkat pendidikan pedagang dengan pengetahuan tentang bahan berbahaya seperti formalin dan boraks serta pemanis buatan.
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PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9807
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agriTECH (print ISSN 0216-0455; online ISSN 2527-3825) is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies.