Kapasitas Antioksidan Buah Salak (Salacca edulis REINW) Kultivar Pondoh, Nglumut dan Bali Serta Korelasinya dengan Kadar Fenolik Total dan Vitamin C

Abstract

Indonesia is rich in various superior cultivar of snake fruit such as Pondoh, Nglumut and Bali with increasing in production year by year. However, exploration of Indonesian snake fruit related to snake fruit’s potential as natural antioxidant source has not been done much yet. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine the effect of snake fruit cultivar and solvent polarity to the antioxidant capacity (radical DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power) and bioactive compounds content (total phenol and ascorbic acid), (2) investigating the correlation between antioxidant capacity of snake fruit toward its total phenolic and ascorbic acid content. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, those are cultivars (Pondoh, Nglumut and Bali) and solvents (ethanol and water). The research showed that Nglumut and Bali cultivars had no differences in DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and ascorbic acid content, although they were significantly higher than on Pondoh cultivar. The reducing power of Nglumut cultivar was significantly higher than that of in Bali and Pondoh cultivars. Ethanol extract had significantly higher antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and ascorbic acid content than that of water extract. Each snake fruit cultivar had significantly strong correlation value between antioxidant capacity and its total phenolic content (r = 0.83 – 0.97, p<0.01) and its ascorbic acid content ( r = 0.77 – 0.95, p<0.01)

ABSTRAK

Indonesia kaya akan beragam kultivar salak unggul seperti salak Pondoh, Nglumut dan Bali dengan jumlah produksi yang semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Meskipun demikian, eksplorasi buah salak di Indonesia terkait dengan potensinya sebagai sumber antioksidan alami belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kultivar dan kepolaran pelarut ekstraksi terhadap kapasitas antioksidan (aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH dan reducing power) dan kadar komponen bioaktif (fenolik total dan vitamin C) buah salak. Penelitian ini juga mengkaji korelasi antara kapasitas antioksidan buah salak terhadap kadar fenolik total dan vitamin C. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu jenis kultivar (Pondoh, Nglumut dan Bali) dan jenis pelarut (etanol dan air). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salak kultivar Nglumut dan Bali memiliki kadar fenolik total, kadar vitamin C dan aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH yang tidak berbeda nyata namun secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibanding kultivar Pondoh. Reducing power salak kultivar Nglumut secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibanding kultivar Bali maupun Pondoh. Ekstrak etanol salak memiliki kadar fenolik total, vitamin C dan kapasitas antioksidan yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak air. Setiap kultivar salak memiliki korelasi yang nyata antara kapasitas antioksidan dengan  kadar fenolik total (r = 0.83 – 0.97, p<0.01) maupun kadar vitamin C ( r = 0.77 – 0.95, p<0.01)