Perubahan Suhu, Kadar Air, Warna, Kadar Polifenol dan Aktivitas Antioksidatif Kakao Selama Penyangraian dengan Enerji Gelombang Mikro
Supriyanto Supriyanto(1*), Haryadi Haryadi(2), Budi Rahardjo(3), Djagal Wiseso Marseno(4)
(1) Jurusan Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Sosio Yustisia, Yogyakarta 55281
(2) Jurusan Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Sosio Yustisia, Yogyakarta 55281
(3) Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Sosio Yustisia, Yogyakarta 55281
(4) Jurusan Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Sosio Yustisia, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Heat penetrated slowly during conventional roasting of cocoa resulting in possibly less effective and gradation change. In this experiment microwave energy was applied to reast cocoa nib. The objective of this research was to study changes of temperature, moisture content, color, polyphenol content and antioxidative activity during microwave roasting of ground cocoa nibs. Ground cocoa nib passing through 20 mesh screen wa contained on glass bowl, and then heated in a microwave oven for 2-12 min. Conventional roasting using electric oven at 140ºC for 40 min was conducted for comparison. The result indicated that microwave roasting took a shorter time compared to that using conventional method as shown by the increasing temperature rate and the decreasing rate of moisture and polyphenol contents, i.e.10, 11 and 13 times faster than those given by the conventional roasting, respectively. Microwave roasting was more suitable for high roasting to get dark brown product. The trends of inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation by the product roasted using micorwave energy were similar to that of conventionally roasted, ground cocoa, i.e. 85-90%. A longer roasting of ground cocoa nibs was caused the polyphenol content in product more minimize, but this matter did not have an effect on reality to antioxidative activity of this product.
ABSTRAK
Pada penyangraian biji kako cara konvensional proses pemanasan berlangsung lambat, sehingga tidak efisien dan senyawa dalam biji kako banyak mengalami perubahan terutama kandungan polifenol dan aktivitas antioksidatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh penyangraian keping biji kakao menggunakan enerji gelombang mikro (EGM) terhadap perubahan suhu, kadar air, warna, kandungan polifenol dan aktivitas antioksidatif produk yang dihasilkan, dibandingkan dengan penyangraian konvensional. Hancuran keping biji kako lolos ayakan 20 mesh sebanyak 50 g, ditempatkan dalam mangkok gelas, dipanaskan dalam oven EGM 900 watt, 2450 MHz selama 2 sampai dengan 12 menit pada power 20%. Penyangraian konvensional dilakukan menggunakan oven listrik pada suhu 140ºC selama 20 menit sampai dengan 140 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyangraian dengan EGM menghasilkan kenaikan suhu 10 kali lebih besar, penurunan kadar air dan kansungan polifenol masing-masing 11 dan 13 kali lebih besar, dibandingkan dengan penyangraian konvensional. Penyangraian menggunakan EGM lebih cocok untuk penyangraian tingkat berat dengan produk yang berwarna coklat kehitaman. Pola perubahan aktivitas penghambatan oksidai asam linoleat selama penyangraian menggunakan EGM adalah serupa dengan pola perubahan pada penyangraian konvensional, dengan nilai antara 85-90%. Selama penyangraian kandungan polifenol menurun, dengan pola mendekati garis lurus. Perubahan kandungan polifenol selama penyangraian tidak berkorelasi secara nyata dengan perubahan aktivitas penghambatan oksidasi asam linoleat.
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PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9489
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Copyright (c) 2014 Supriyanto Supriyanto, Haryadi Haryadi, Budi Rahardjo, Djagal Wiseso Marseno
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agriTECH (print ISSN 0216-0455; online ISSN 2527-3825) is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies.