* Corresponding Author
Synthesis of Biodiesel in Low-Grade Palm Oil using Geopolymer-ZnO Catalyst
https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.80468 Yaasinta Lafasha Nabila(1), Thamrin usman(2*), Andi Hairil Alimuddin(3)
(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Ahmad Yani Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 79124
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Ahmad Yani Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 79124
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Ahmad Yani Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 79124
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) from low-grade palm oil using geopolymer-ZnO catalyst. The activity of catalyst was tested by mixing low-grade palm oil and methanol in a mole ratio of 1:10, with varying catalyst concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% at a temperature of 67 o C and different time intervals. Subsequently, the progression of the reaction was monitored using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that catalyst ratios of 1:0, 1:1, and 1:2 provided complete conversion at concentrations of 3% and 5%. Geopolymer-ZnO catalyst reuse test was carried out using a concentration of 5%, followed by washing with n-hexane. After drying at 100 o C, the sample was reused in biodiesel synthesis. The reuse test findings showed optimum results at 1:2 variation and 2 hours of reaction time with total methyl ester conversion. In addition, the majority of the experiments performed were carried out using a 1:1 variation with a maximum of 3 repetitions, which consistently showed total conversion to methyl ester. Catalyst used was then characterized using FTIR, XRD, and XRF instruments, with the analysis results confirming that it was geopolymer-ZnO. Methyl ester obtained was analyzed using GC-MS, and the findings showed that the main compositions included methyl oleate (47.35%) and methyl palmitate (40.13%).
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.80468
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agriTECH (print ISSN 0216-0455; online ISSN 2527-3825) is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies.