Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) dan Fraksi-Fraksinya

https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.11312

Chatarina Lilis Suryani(1*), Siti Tamaroh Cahyono Murti(2), Agusta Ardiyan(3), Astuti Setyowati(4)

(1) Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta Jl. Wates Km. 10 Yogyakarta 55753
(2) Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta Jl. Wates Km. 10 Yogyakarta 55753
(3) Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta Jl. Wates Km. 10 Yogyakarta 55753
(4) Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta Jl. Wates Km. 10 Yogyakarta 55753
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Fractionation process of pandan leaf (Pandanus amaryllifolius) extract could enhance its antioxidant activity as higher purity of bioactive compounds was achieved. The aims of this study were to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract fractions of pandan leaves and to determine the fraction that has the highest antioxidant activity. The research was divided into three stages: (1) extraction and fractionation of pandan leaf extract, (2) phytochemical analysis of pandan leaf fractions, and (3) analysis of antioxidative activity. The analysis of antioxidant activity includes reducing power approach by ferrithiocyanate (FTC), DPPH radical scavenging, and the calculation of EC50. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of pandan leaves had a higher reductive ability than the ethanol extract, while its DPPH radical scavenging activity was lower. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds were quantified in ethyl acetate fraction > ethanol extract > hexane fraction. Ethanol extract of pandan leaves and ethyl acetate fraction qualitatively contained alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolic, and saponin. Terpenoid compounds were present in ethanol extract whereas steroid compounds were present in ethyl acetate fraction. Hexane fraction only contained steroid and phenolic compounds. Higher reducing power values were ethyl acetate fraction, ethanol extract, hexane fraction, and vitamin E commercial respectively. Ethyl acetate fraction had higher antioxidant activity value (FTC method) than hexane fraction and ethanol extract.  Ethyl acetate had a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity value than vitamin E. Ethyl acetate fraction, hexane fraction, ethanol extract, and vitamin E commercial had EC50 values of 0.90; 8.66; 4.51; and 11.76 mg/mL respectively. Ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of pandan leaves is a potential source of natural antioxidant.

ABSTRAK

Proses fraksinasi ekstrak daun pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidannya karena dengan proses fraksinasi akan diperoleh komponen bioaktif yang lebih murni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari fraksi-fraksi ekstrak etanol daun pandan dan menentukan fraksi yang mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Penelitian dibagi dalam 3 tahap yaitu ekstraksi dan fraksinasi ekstrak daun pandan, analisis fitokimia fraksi-fraksi daun pandan, dan uji aktivitas antioksidannya. Uji aktivitas antioksidan meliputi analisis daya mereduksi dengan metode feritiosianat (FTC) dan daya tangkap radikal DPPH serta perhitungan EC50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak etanol daun pandan mempunyai kemampuan mereduksi lebih tinggi dibanding ekstrak etanolnya, namun daya tangkap radikal DPPH-nya lebih rendah. Komponen fenol dan flavonoid yang terkandung dalam fraksi etil asetat > esktrak etanol > heksan. Ekstrak etanol daun pandan dan fraksi etil asetat secara kualitatif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, dan saponin. Senyawa terpenoid terdapat pada ekstrak etanol sedangkan steroid terdapat pada fraksi etil asetat. Fraksi heksan hanya mengandung senyawa steroid dan fenolik. Daya mereduksi yang dimiliki fraksi etil asetat > ekstrak etanol > heksan > vitamin E komersial. Aktivitas antioksidan yang dimiliki BHT > vitamin E > fraksi etil asetat > ekstrak etanol > fraksi heksan. Daya tangkap radikal DPPH dari BHT > ekstrak etanol > fraksi heksan atau fraksi etil asetat>. Fraksi etil asetat, fraksi heksan, ekstrak etanol, dan vitamin E komersial  mempunyai nilai EC50 berturut-turut sebesar: 0,90; 8,66; 4,51; dan 11,76 mg/mL. Fraksi etil asetat ekstrak etanol daun pandan berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami.

Kata kunci: Ekstrak etanol daun pandan; fraksinasi; antioksidan; daya mereduksi; DPPH


Keywords


Antioxidant; DPPH; fractionation; pandan leaf extract; reducing power

Full Text:

PDF


References

Aadil, R., Barapatre, A., Rathore, N., Pottam, S. dan Jha, H. (2012). Comparative study of in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of plant extract of Acacia arabica, Murraya koengii, Catharanthus roseus, and Rouwolfia serpentina. International Journal of Phytomedicine 4: 543–551.

Agustiningsih, Wildan, A. dan Mindaningsih. (2010). Optimasi cairan penyari pada pembuatan ekstrak daun pandan (Pandanus amarillyfolius Roxb) secara maserasi terhadap kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total. Momentum 6(2): 36–41.

Apak, R., Guclu, K., Demirate, B., Ozyurek, M., Celik, S.E., Bektasoglu, B., Berker, K. I. dan Ozyurt, D. (2007). Comparative evaluation of various total antioxidant capasity assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC assay. Molecules 12: 1496–1547.

Alberti, K.G.M.M., Zimmet P. dan DeFronzo R.A. (1997). International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus. 2nd. John Willey and Son, New York.

Alothman, M., Bhat, K. dan Karim, A.A. (2009). Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of selected tropical fruits from Malaysia, extracted with different solvents. Food Chemistry 115: 785–788.

Bhat, S.V., Nagasampagi, B.A. dan Meenakshi, S. (2009). Natural Products: Chemistry and Application. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

Bushra, S., Farooq, A. dan Muhammad, A. (2009). Effect of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. Molecules 14: 2167–2180.

Chen, Z., Bertin, R. dan Froldi, G. (2013). EC50 estimation of antioxidant activity in DPPH assay using several statistical programs. Food Chemistry 138: 414–420.

Dalimartha, S. (2002). Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia. Jilid I. PT. Pustaka Pembangunan Swadaya Nusantara, Jakarta.

Duh, P.D., Yen, W.J., Du, P.C. dan Yen, G.C. (1997). Antioxidants activity of mung bean hulls. Journal of American Oil Chemists Sosiety 74(9): 1058–1063.

Edeoga, H.O., Okwu, D.E. dan Mbaebre, B.O. (2005). Phytochemical constituent of some Nigerian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology 4: 685–688.

Fabra, M.J., Hambleton, A., Talens, P., Debeaufort, F., Chiralt, A. dan Voilley, A. (2009). Influence of interactions on water and aroma permeabilities of i-carrageenan-oliec acid-beeswax films used for flavour encapsulation. Carbohydrate Polymers 76: 325–332.

Faras, A.F., Wadkar, S.S. dan Ghosh, J.S. (2014). Effect of leaf extract of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb on growth of Escherichia coli and Micrococcus (Staphylococcus aureus). International Food Research Journal 21(1): 421–423.

Ferreira, I.C., Paula-Babtista, F.R., Vilas-Boas, M. dan Barros, V (2007). Free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of wild edible mushrooms from Northeast Portugal. Food Chemistry 100: 1511–1516.

Gunther, E. (1987). Minyak Atsiri. Jilid I. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.

Harborne, J. B. (1996). Metoda Fitokimia, Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisa Tumbuhan. 2nd edn. Penerbit Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung.

Harwood, L.M. dan Moody, C.J. (1989). Experimental Organik Chemistry. Principles and Practise. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.

Jarald, E.F., Joshi, D.C., Jain, D.C. dan Edwin, S. (2013). Biochemistry evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of extract and fraction of Cassia fistula Lin.in aloxan-induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 75(4): 427–434.

Kwan, Y.I., Apostolidis, E. dan Shetty, K. (2007). Traditional diet of Americans for management of diabetes and hypertension. Journal of Medicinal Food 10: 266–275.

Lee, S.Y., Mediani, A., Nur-Ashikin, A.H., Azliana, A.B.S. dan Abas, F. (2014). Antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the leaf and stem of selected tradisional medicinal plants. International Food Research Journal 21(1): 165–175.

Lehninger (1982). Dasar-Dasar Biokimia. Jilid 1. Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.

Leouifoud, I., Zyad, A., Amechrouo, A., Oukerro, M., Mouse, H.A. dan

Mbarki, M. (2014). Identification and characterization of phenolic compounds extracted from Moroccan olive mill wastewater. Food Sciences and Technology 34(2): 249–257.

Lopez, D.C. dan Nonato, M.G. (2005). Alkaloid from Pandanus amaryllifolius collected from Marikina,Philippines. Philippine Journal of Sciences 134(1): 39–44.

Luo, Q., Cai, Y., Yan, J., Sun, M. dan Corke, H. (2004). Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant activity of fruit extracts from Lycium barbarum. Life Sciences 76: 137–140.

Marsono, Y., Safitri, R. dan Noor, Z. (2005). Antioksidasi dalam Kacang-Kacangan: Aktivitas dan Potensi serta Kemampuannya menginduksi Pertahanan Antioksidasi pada Model Hewan Percobaan. Laporan Komprehensif Hasil Penelitian Hibah Bersaing XII.

Mechta, A. (2015). Pharmacology of medicinal plants with antioxidant activity. Dalam: Dubey, N. K. (ed). Plant as Source of Natural Antioxidants. Cabi Publishing, India.

Mojab, F., Kamalinejad, M., Naysaneh, G. dan Hamid, R.V. (2003). Phytochemical screening of some species of Iranian plants. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2003: 77–82.

Nakiboglu, M., Urek, R.O., Kayali, H.A. dan Tarhan, L. (2007). Antioxidant capacities of endemic Sideritis sipylea and Origunum sipyleum from Turkey. Food Chemistry 104: 530–635

Negri, G. (2005). Diabetes mellitus; hypoglicemic plants and natural active principles. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 41: 121–141.

Olivera, D.F., Viña, S.Z., Marani, C.M., Ferreyra, R.M., Mugride, A., Chaves, A.R. dan Mascheroni, R.H. (2008). Effect of blanching on the quality and of brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. gemmifera DC) after frozen storage. Journal of Food Engineering 84: 148–155.

Packer, L., Rosen, P., Tritschler, H.J., King, G.L. dan Azzi, A. (2000). Antioxidants in Diabetes Management. Marcel Dekker, New York.

Pambayun, R., Gardjito, M., Sudarmadji, S. dan Kuswanto, K.R. (2007). Kandungan fenol dan sifat antibakteri dari berbagai jenis ekstrak produk gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb). Majalah Farmasi Indonesia 18(3): 41–146.

Prameswari, O.M. dan Widjanarko, S.B. (2014). Uji efek ekstrak air daun pandan terhadap penurunan glukosa darah dan histopatologi tikus diabetes mellitus. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri 2(2): 16–27.

Pujimulyani, D., Raharjo, S., Marsono, Y. dan Santosa, U. (2012). The effect of blanching on antioxidant activity and glycosides of white saffron (Curcuma mangga Val). International Food Research Journal 19(2): 617–621.

Riyanto dan Wariyah, C. (2012). Stabilitas sifat antioksidatif lidah buaya (Aloe vera var. Chinensis) selama pengolahan minuman lidah buaya. Agritech 32(1): 73–78.

Rohman, A., Riyanto, S., Yuniarti, N., Saputra, W.R., Utami, R. dan Mulatsih, W. (2010). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid of extracts and fractions of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam). International Food Research Journal 17: 97–106.

Sarastani, D., Soekarto, S.T., Muchtadi, T.R., Fardiaz, D. dan Apriyantono, A. (2002). Aktivitas antioksidasi ekstrak dan fraksi ekstrak biji atung. Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan 13(2): 149–156.

Sharma, O.P. dan Bhat, T.K (2009). Analytical methods DPPH antioxidant assay revisited. Food Chemistry 113: 1202–1205.

Shahidi, F. (1997). Natural antioxidants: an overview. Dalam: Shahidi, F. (ed.), Natural Antioxidants: Chemistry and Health Effects and Applications, AOCS Press, Champaign, IL.

Sasidharan, S., Sumathi, V., Jegathambigai, N. R. dan Latha, L.Y. (2011). Antihyperglycaemic effects of ethanol extracts of Carica papaya and Pandanus amaryfollius leaf in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Natural Product Research 25(20): 1982–1987.

Sugati, S. dan Johnny, R.H. (1991). Inventaris Tanaman Obat (I). Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.

Suryani, C.L. dan Setyowati, A. (2008). Ekstrak Rempah-Rempah: Potensi Hipoglisemik dan Pengembangannya sebagai Minuman Fungsional. Laporan Hibah Pekerti Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat.Universitas Mercu Buana, Yogyakarta. Indonesia.

Suryani, C.L. dan Tamaroh, S. (2014). Aktivitas antioksidasi ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ketahanan Pangan. Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Universitas Mercu Buana, Yogyakarta.

Suryani, C.L. dan Tamaroh, S. (2015). Aktivitas hipoglisemik dan karakterisasi kimiawi esktrak etanol daun pandan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional. Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran, Jawa Timur.

Tiwari, A.K., Swapna, M., Ayesha, S.B., Zehra, A., Agawane, S.B. dan Maddhusudana, K. (2011). Indentification of proglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity in antioxidant rich fraction of some common food grains. International Food Research Journal 18(3): 915–923.

Tsai, T.H, Tsai, P.J. dan Ho, S.C. (2005). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of several commonly used spices. Journal of Food Sciences 70(1): C93–C97.

Tsai, S.Y., Huang, S.J. dan Mau, J.L. (2006). Antioxidants properties of hot water extracts from Agrocybe cylindracea. Food Chemistry 98: 670–677.

Tupe, R.S., Kemes, N.G. dan Khaire, A.A. (2013). Evaluation of antioxidant potentials and total phenolic content of selected Indian herbs powder extracts. International Food Research Journal 20(3): 1053–1063.

Viña, S.Z., Olivera, D.F., Marani, C.M., Ferreyra, R.M., Mugridge, A., Chaves, A.R. dan Maschereni, R.H. (2007). Quality of brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. gemmifera DC) as affected by blanching method. Journal of Food Engineering 80: 218–225.

Yu-Lin, H., Kuo, Y.H., Lin, Y.L. dan Chiang, W. (2009). Antioxidative effect and active component from leaves of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57: 6623–6629.

Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T. dan Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry 64: 555–559.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.11312

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 22973 | views : 107196

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2018 Chatarina Lilis Suryani, Siti Tamaroh Cahyono Murti, Agusta Ardiyan, Astuti Setyowati

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

agriTECH has been Indexed by:


agriTECH (print ISSN 0216-0455; online ISSN 2527-3825) is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies.


website statisticsView My Stats