Ethical Clearence & Informed Consent

The data, results, or analyses presented in the submitted article do not violate the protection of human subjects or other valid privacy or security concerns. Please include this information after the conclusion of the article.

  • If the research did not involve human subjects, animal subjects, or other valid privacy or security concerns, please note that it uses publicly accessible data and discloses the sources (URLs, websites, books, etc.).
  • If the research involved human subjects, animal subjects, or other valid privacy or security concerns, please note that the author(s) had obtained the interviewees’, participants’, or other related parties’ consent to publish the work.