Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial contributions to the research and manuscript. Authors should not list AI tools as an author or co-author, nor cite AI tools as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans. Authors must provide a declaration of their respective contributions during submission.

Any change in authorship after submission must be approved by all authors, supported by a written justification, and submitted to the editor for review. Changes after the final revision will only be considered under exceptional circumstances.

Gift, ghost, and honorary authorship are prohibited and may result in corrective action in accordance with COPE guidelines. Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet authorship criteria should be acknowledged with their permission.