Authors must report research methods and findings accurately, transparently, and in sufficient detail to support verification and, where appropriate, reproducibility. The use of AI in the research or manuscript preparation process must be disclosed.

Data fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate manipulation are prohibited and may result in rejection, retraction, or other corrective actions. Authors are encouraged to make research data available through appropriate repositories or, where this is not possible, to clearly explain any restrictions on data access.

The editorial team may request access to underlying data to verify reported findings. Transparency, data integrity, and reproducibility are essential principles of responsible scholarly publishing.