Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy

Tamarindus indica increases the stability of jamu kunyit-asam herbal suspension over Citrus aurantifolia

Thu, 20 Jun 2024 13:06:01 +0700

Rapid shelf-life of traditional supplementary drink still becomes major issue for herbal production in household industries. In this study the stability formula of an herbal suspension, so called as jamu kunyit-asam, was investigated. The jamu kunyit-asam Formula-1 (F1) contains combination of Citrus aurantifolia and Curcuma longa. While the Formula-2 (F2) is consisted by mixture of Tamarindus indica and C. longa. The two formulas were compared to justify better stability between preparations. No preservatives were added, in order to comply with the local regulation. To simulate the real situation, all samples were stored in 4 different conditions: opened bottle (room temperature), closed bottle (room temperature), closed bottle (refrigerator), and freeze-thaw condition. To evaluate the stability profile, an organoleptic testing and pH alteration were frequently checked for 12 consecutive days. Several parameters including color changing, sting odor, and microscopic appearance were looked over. As the results, mold, precipitation and pungent odor were formed faster from the F1 (C. aurantifolia combined with C. longa). These findings indicates that jamu kunyit-asam herbal drink suspensions containing C. longa has less stability in combination with the C. aurantifolia (F1) compared to the T. indica (F2).

The effect of zinc and probiotics supplements in children under 5 years old with diarrhea

Qhifani Zhaqila, Sugeng Ruspandi, Chairun Wiedyaningsih — Tue, 02 Jul 2024 15:10:04 +0700

The 2020 Indonesian Health Profile states that diarrhea is an endemic disease that has the potential to cause extraordinary events. Diarrhea is still one of the contributors to death in Indonesia, especially in children under 5 years old. This study aimed to evaluate the use of zinc and probiotic supplementation on the length of stay (LoS) of patients under 5 years old with diarrhea. It was an observational study using medical records of patients under 5 years old with diarrhea at the Academic Hospital, UGM Yogyakarta in the period of 2021 to 2022. Patient characteristics, including use and medications such as zinc supplementation and probiotics, as well as clinical outcomes including LoS were obtained from 100 medical records. Data were analyzed using chi square from Microsoft Excel 365 & Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) with a 95% confidence level (p<0.05). The majority of patients were male (61%) with age range 12-23 mo (47%), 3-4 times frequency of diarrhea (69%), dehydration mild-moderate (89%), and acute diarrhea (96%). The treatment of diarrhea was antidiarrheal (44.81%), fluid rehydration (32.55%), and antibiotics (22.64%). Most patients left the hospital in an improved condition and were allowed to go home (92%). There is a significant relationship between the use of zinc, probiotics, and a combination of zinc and probiotics on LoS.

Single nucleotide polymorphism of AGT rs699 in the pathogenesis of hypertension and ACE inhibitors response: a narrative review

Septiayu Dwi Hartienah, Muthi' Ikawati, Zullies Ikawati — Tue, 09 Jul 2024 10:07:25 +0700

Hypertension is a chronic cardiovascular disease that affects more than one billion people in the world. Angiotensinogen in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is the main precursor encoded by angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and plays an important role in the development of hypertension. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of AGT gene is thought related to the pathogenesis of hypertension and angiotensinogen levels in plasma that may affect response to ACE inhibitors. This article reviewed the association of SNP AGT rs699 with the pathogenesis of hypertension and ACE inhibitors response. A total of 14 articles published from 1995 to 2023 were collected from databases including NCBI, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. Several studies in different populations have been conducted and showed various results. The T allele or TT genotype of AGT rs699 was associated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, the association between AGT rs699 and ACE inhibitor response shows inconsistent results, thus further research is needed.

Comparison ondansetron and domperidon as antiemetic for gastroenteritis in children: a review

Mardiana Siregar, Chairun Wiedyaningsih, Rina Mutiara — Wed, 17 Jul 2024 14:28:52 +0700

Gastroenteritis (GE) is the leading cause of vomiting in children. It is the main reason children admitted into emergency departments (EDs). Vomiting can cause fluid loss therefore oral rehydration solution (ORT) is recommended as supportive care for mild to moderate dehydration. Antiemetic therapy for GE is not fully recommended by any management guidelines. However, in some studies, antiemetics including ondansetron and domperidone are used in vomiting-related GE. This review aimed to compare ondansetron and domperidone for the treatment of GE in children. The article search was performed to identify relevant publications using PubMed database PubMed. PRISMA flow diagram was used as protocol during the article screening process. Eight

Clinical application of dendrimer in cancer and COVID-19 therapy: a review

Ninda Devita, Nurfadilah, Siti Khadijah, Ulil Albab Habibah — Wed, 17 Jul 2024 14:38:44 +0700

Dendrimers are nanoparticles with unique characteristics. These characteristics allow these nanoparticles to be widely applied in medicine. It can be used as a therapy for various types of cancer. The dendrimers can also been use an alternative to accelerating the diagnosis and therapy of COVID-19. This review aimed to delve deeper into the myriad clinical applications of dendrimers in the treatment of various cancers and its potential use for the treatment or diagnosis of COVID-19. The databases used for this review were Google Scholar and Science Direct. The inclusion criteria for this review are articles published in 2018-2023. Articles other than the original articles and reviews we excluded from the study. Anticancer formulated in dendrimers have a better ability to eradicate cancer cells in the treatment of breast, colon, lung, prostate, skin, ovarian, and liver cancers compared to ordinary anticancer agents. Dendrimer in vivo, in vitro and phase II clinical trials can be used to deliver miRNA therapy or symptomatic drugs in COVID-19 patients and as vaccine delivery agents. The quality of molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 can also be improved with these nanoparticles. The use of dendrimers can improve the quality of management of cancer and COVID-19 patients.