FTIR-based fingerprinting combined with chemometrics for discrimination of Sonchus arvensis leaves extracts of various extracting solvents and the correlation with its antioxidant activity
Keywords:
antioxidant, chemometrics, FTIR spectra, Sonchus arvensis, total phenolics
Abstract
Sonchus arvensis, the local name for tempuyung, is acknowledged to have many biological activities, including the antioxidant activity. This study aimed to cluster the leaves extracts based on the extracting solvent and to determine the functional groups significantly contributing to the antioxidant activity. From the water, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% ethanol, and absolute ethanol extracts, we analyzed the total phenolics content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), antioxidant activity (DPPH method), and the FTIR spectra. The 70% ethanol extract exhibits the highest total phenolics and the highest antioxidant activity. The extracts were grouped based on the extracting solvent using the principal component analysis (PCA) with 95% total variance from its principal component 1 and 2. The partial least square (PLS) regression was employed for finding a functional group from the antioxidant constituents present in the sample extract. We predicted by PLS regression that the –OH and the C-O groups are attributed to the phenolics that give a significant contribution to the antioxidant activity of the S. arvensis leaves.
References
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Yuan T., Wu D., Sun K., Tan X., Wang J., Zhao T., Ren B., Zhao B., Liu Z., Liu X., 2019. Anti-fatigue activity of aqueous extracts of Sonchus arvensis L. in exercise trained mice. Molecules. 24: 1168-1180.
Aziz Z., Yuliana ND., Simanjuntak P., Rafi M., Abdillah S., 2020. FTIR and HPLC-based metabolomics of yacon leaves extracts (Smallanthus sonchifolius [Poepp & Endl.] H. Robinson) from two locations in Indonesia. Indones. J. Chem. 20(3): 567-578.
Boeing JS., Erica OB., Beatriz CS., Paula FM., Vitor CA., Jesui VV., 2014. Evaluation of solvent effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities from the barriers: application of principal component analysis. Chem. Cent. J. 8: 48.
Buyuktuncel E., Porgali E., Colak C., 2014. Comparison of total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity in local red wines determined by spectrophotometric methods. Food Nutr. Sci. 5(1): 1660-1667.
Bunaciu AA., Aboul-Enein HY., Fleschin S., 2011. Recent applications of Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry in herbal medicines analysis. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 46(4): 251-260.
Camargo JM., Dunoyer AT., Garcia-Zapateiro LA., 2016. The effect of storage temperature and time on total phenolics and enzymatic activity of sapodilla (Achras sapota L.). Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. 69(2): 7955-7963.
Diblan S., Kadiroglu P., Aydemir LV., 2018. FT-IR spectroscopy characterization and chemometric evaluation of legumes extracted with different solvents. Food Health 4(2): 80-88.
Djapiala FY., Montolalu L., Mentang F., 2013. Kandungan total fenol dalam rumput laut Caulerpa racemosa yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Med. Teknol. Has. Perikan. 1(2):1-5.
Easmin S., Sarker MZI., Ghafoor K., Ferdash S., Jaffri J., Ali ME., Mirhosseini H., Al-Juhaimi FY., Perumal V., Khatib A., 2016. Rapid investigation of a-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Phaleria macrocarpa extracts using FTIR-ATR based fingerprinting. J. Food Drug Anal. 25(2): 306-315.
Gad HA., El-Ahmady SH., Abou-Shoer MI., Al-Azizi MM., 2012. Application of chemometrics in authentication of herbal medicines: a review. Phytochem. Anal. 24: 1-24.
Guo S., Yu S., Qian Y., Hu M., Shan M., Chen P., Chen Y., Zhang L., Ding A., Wu Q., Li S., 2017. Correlation of antioxidant activity and volatile oil chemical components from Schizonepete tenufolia herbs by chemometric method. Int. J. Food Prop. 51(20): 1082-1092.
Haq M., Sani W., Hossain ABMS., Taha RM., Monneruzzaman KM., 2011. Total phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. J. Med. Plants Res. 5(17): 4112-4118.
Khatib A., Perumal V., Ahmed QU., Uzir BF., Abas F., Murugesu S., 2017. Characterization of antioxidant activity of Momordica charantia fruit by infrared based fingerprinting. Anal. Lett. 50(12): 1977-1991.
Juliani, Yuliana ND., Budijanto S., Wijaya CH., Khatib A., 2016. Senyawa inhibitor α-glukosidase dan antioksidan dari kumis kucing dengan pendekatan metabolomik berbasis FTIR. J. Teknol. Ind. Pangan. 27(1): 17–30.
Khan RA., 2012. Evaluation of flavonoids and diverse antioxidant activities of Sonchus arvensis. Chem Cent. J. 6: 126-132.
Kruawan K., Kangsadalampai K., 2006. Antioxidant activity, phenolic compound contents and antimutagenic activity of some water extract of herbs. Thai J. Pharm. Sci. 30: 28-35.
Krastanov A., 2010. Metabolomics-the state of art. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip. 24(1): 1537-1543.
Kusumaningrum D., Lee H., Lohumi S., Mo C., Kim MS., Cho BK., 2017. Non-destructive technique for determining the viability of soybean (Glycine max) seeds using FT-NIR spectroscopy. J. Sci. Food Agric. 10:1002-8646.
Masoum S., Mehran M., Ghaheri S., 2014. Identification of potential antioxidant compounds in the essential oil of thyme by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and multivariate calibration techniques. J. Sep. Sci. 38(3): 1-20.
Meenakshi S., Gnanambigai D., Mozhi S., Arumugam M., Balasubramanian T., 2009. Total flavonoid and in vitro antioxidant activity of two seaweeds of Rameshwaram Coast. Global J. Pharm. 3(2): 59-62.
Molyneux P. 2004. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 26 (2): 212–218.
Nokhala A., Ahmed QU., Saleh MSM., Nipun TS., Khan AYF., Siddiqui MJ., 2020. Characterization of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Tetracera scandens leaves by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-based metabolomics. Adv. Trad. Med. 20: 169-180.
Pebriana RB., Rohman A., Lukitaningsih E., Sudjadi., 2017. Development of FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics for analysis of rat meat in beef sausage employing three lipid extraction systems, Int. J. Food Prop. 20(sup2): 1995-2005.
Purwakusumah ED., Rafi M., Syafitri UD., Nurcholis W., Adzkiya MAZ., 2014. Identifikasi dan autentikasi jahe merah menggunakan kombinasi spektroskopi FTIR dan kemometrik. Agritech. 34(1): 82-87.
Rafi M., Febriany S., Wulandari P., Suparto IH., Ridwan T., Rahayu S., Siswoyo DM., 2018. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanin contents of six Vireya Rhododendron from Indonesia and evaluation of their antioxidant activities. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 8(9): 49-54.
Rachmawati., Rohaeti E., Rafi M., 2017. Combination of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics for authentication of taro flour from wheat and sago flour. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 835: 012011.
Sajak A., Abas F., Ismail A., Khatib A., 2016. Effect of different drying treatments and solvent ratios on phytochemical constituents of Ipomea aquatica and correlation with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Int. J. Food Prop. 12: 1-31.
Seal T., 2016. Quantitative HPLC analysis of phenolic acids, flavonoids and ascorbic acid in four different solvent extracts of two wild edible leaves, Sonchus arvensis and Oenanthe linearis of North-Eastern region in India. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 6(2): 157-166.
Saleh MSM., Siddiqui MJ., So’ad SZM., Roheem FO., Saidi-Besbes S., Khatib A., 2020. Correlation of FT-IR fingerprint and
-glucosidase inhibitory activity of salak (Salacca zalacca) fruit extracts utilizing orthogonal partial least square. Molecules. 23: 1434-1443.
Sukmayadi AE., Sumiwi SA., Barliana MI., Aryanti AD., 2014. Aktivitas imunomodulator ekstrak etanol daun tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis Linn.). J. Ilmu. Teknol. Farm. Indones. 1(2): 42-49.
Tanamal MT., Papilaya PM., Smith A., 2017. Kandungan senyawa flavonoid pada daun melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) berdasarkan perbedaan tempat tumbuh. J. Biol. Pend. Terapan. 3(2): 142-147.
Trivadila, Oktaviani I, Iswantini D. 2020. Inhibition of tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) water extract fractions against xanthine oxidase by electrochemical method. AIP Conference Proceedings 2243, 030027.
Verawati., Arel A., Arfianisa R., 2016. Pengaruh perbedaan metode ekstraksi terhadap kandungan fenolat total ekstrak daun piladang (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd). J. Farm. Kes. 6(2): 79-83.
Xia Z., Qu W., Lu H., Fu J., Ren Y., Liang J., 2010. Sesquiterpene lactones from Sonchus arvensis L. and their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Fitoterapia. 81(5): 424-428.
Li XM., Yang PL., 2018. Research progress of Sonchus species, Int. J. Food Prop. 21(1): 147-157.
Yuan T., Wu D., Sun K., Tan X., Wang J., Zhao T., Ren B., Zhao B., Liu Z., Liu X., 2019. Anti-fatigue activity of aqueous extracts of Sonchus arvensis L. in exercise trained mice. Molecules. 24: 1168-1180.
Published
2021-05-11
How to Cite
Rafi, M., Rismayani, W., Sugiarti, R. M., Syafitri, U. D., Wahyuni, W. T., & Rohaeti, E. (2021). FTIR-based fingerprinting combined with chemometrics for discrimination of Sonchus arvensis leaves extracts of various extracting solvents and the correlation with its antioxidant activity. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 32(2), 132-140. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.755
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