Validity and Reliability of Parenting Stress Construct among Mothers of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.43744

Nurussakinah Daulay(1*), Neila Ramdhani(2), Noor Rochman Hadjam(3)

(1) Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teaching, State Islamic University of North Sumatera
(2) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Parents of children with developmental disorders are prone to experiencing parenting stress. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the parenting stress construct. A total of 125 mothers of children with autistic spectrum disorder were involved in this study. The results showed that parenting stress consists of three domains: parent, child, and parent-child interaction. This was proven through a validity test using exploratory and confirmatory analysis. The exploratory analysis indicated that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.716, meeting the requirement value of above 0.5. Additionally, Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (p <0.05). Based on the confirmatory analysis, the model was classified as fit with the index: X² (50, N = 125) = 71.98, p = 0.023, RMSEA = 0.060, GFI = 0.91; IFI = 0.94; CFI = 0.94; and RMSEA = 0.077; convergent validity values (λ> 0.5; and AVE values> 0.5); construct reliability values (CR = 0.846). Analysis of psychometric properties of parenting stress met the assumptions of good construct validity and reliability.


Keywords


autistic spectrum disorder; parenting stress; reliability; validity.

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abidin, R. R., & Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting Stress Index (PSI) (p. 100). Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psycho­logy Press.

Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting stress index-profesional manual. (3rd ed.). Odessa FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Aiken, L. R. (1985). Three coefficients for analyzing the reliability and validity of ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45, 131–142.

Al-khalaf, A., Dempsey, I., & Dally, K. (2014). The effect of an education program for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Jordan. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 36, 175–187. doi: 10.1007/s10447-013-9199-3

Andika, K. A. (2012). Hubungan self efficacy dan hardiness dengan stres pengasuhan pada ibu yang memiliki anak berkebutuhan khusus. (Unpublished bachelor's thesis). Faculty of Psychology. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta.

Aracena, M., Gomez, E., Undurraga, C., Leiva, L., Marinkovis, K., & Molina, Y (2016). Validity and reliability of the parenting stress index short form (PSI-SF) applied to a Chilean sample. J Child Fam Stud, 25, 3554-3564. doi: 10.1007/s10826-016-0520-8.

Boonen, H., Esch, L. Van, Lambrechts, G., & Maljaars, J. (2015). Mothers’ parenting behaviors in families of school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder: An observational and questionnaire study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(11), 3580–3593. doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2506-6

Chairini, N. (2013). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan stres pengasuhan pada ibu dengan anak usia prasekolah di posyandu Kemiri Muka. (Unpublished bachelor's thesis). Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 385–396.

Corcoran, J., Berry, A., & Hill, S. (2015). The lived experience of US parents of children with autism spectrum disorders : A systematic review and meta-synthesis. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 19(4), 356–366. doi: 10.1177/1744629515577876

Dardas, L. A., & Ahmad, M. M. (2014). Psychometric properties of the parenting stress index with parents of children with autistic disorder. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 58(6), 560-571. doi: 10.1111/jir.12053

Daulay, N., Ramdhani, N., & Hadjam, M. N. R. (2018). Proses menjadi tangguh bagi ibu yang memiliki anak dengan gangguan spektrum autis. Jurnal Humanitas, 15(2).

Deater-Deckard, K. (2004). Parenting stress. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

Diaz-Herrero, A., Brito de la Nuez, A. G., López-Pina, J. A., Pérez-López, J., & Martínez-Fuentes, M. T. (2010). Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de la version Espanola del parenting stress index- short form. Psicothema, 22, 1033–1038.

Ekas, N. V, Lickenbrock, D. M., & Whitman, T. L. (2010). Optimism, social support , and well-being in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 40, 1274–1284. doi: 10.1007/s10803-010-0986-y.

Estes, A., Munson, J., Dawson, G., Koehler, E., Zhou, X.-H., & Abbot, R. (2009). Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay. Autism, 13(4), 375–387. doi: 10.1177/1362361309105658

Etikawati, A. I., Siregar, J. R., & Widjaja, H., & Jatnika, R. (2019). Mengembang­kan konsep dan pengukuran penga­suhan dalam perspektif kontekstual budaya. Buletin Psikologi, 27(1), 1-14. doi: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.41079

Falk, N., Norris, K., & Quinn, M. G. (2014). The factors predicting stress, anxiety and depression in the parents of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 44, 3185–3203. doi: 10.1007/s10803-014-2189-4

Farrell, C. E. (2012). Child social skills and parenting stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum diorders in the 2007 national survey of children’s health. (Unpublished master's thesis). Mount Sinao School of Medicine.

Ferdinand, A. (2000). Structural Equation Modelling dalam penelitian manajemen. Aplikasi model-model rumit dalam penelitian untuk tesis S2 dan disertasi S3. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Fitria, Y., Poeranto, S., & Supriati, L. (2016). Analisis korelasi penerimaan dengan harga diri orang tua dan stres pengasuhan dalam merawat anak retardasi mental. J.K. Mesencephalon, 2(4), 276-284.

Fitriani, A., & Ambarini, T. K. (2013). Hubungan antara hardiness dengan pengasuhan pada ibu dengan anak autis tingkat stres. Jurnal Psikologi Klinis dan Kesehatan Mental, 2(2), 34–40.

Foody, C., James, J. E., & Leader, G. (2015). Parenting stress , salivary biomarkers , and ambulatory blood pressure: A comparison between mothers and fathers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 45, 1084–1095. doi: 10.1007/s10803-014-2263-y

Friedrich, W., Greenberg, M., & Crnic, K. (1983). A short-form of the questionnaire on resources and stress. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 88, 41–48.

Gargiulo, R. (2010). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. London: Sage Publications, Inc.

Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi analisis multiva­riate dengan program IBM SPSS 23. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Giallo, R., Wood, C. E., Jellett, R., & Porter, R. (2011). Fatigue, wellbeing and parental self-efficacy in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 17(4), 465–480. doi: 10.1177/1362361311416830

Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th Ed). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Hassall, R., Rose, J., & McDonald, J. (2005). Parenting stress in mothers of children with an intellectual disability: The effects of parental cognitions in relation to child characteristics and family support. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(6), 405–418. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00673.x

Hayat, I., & Zafar, M. (2015). Relationship between psychological well being and coping strategies among parents with down syndrome children. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 7(1), 109–117.

Hayes, S. A., & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress : A Meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 43, 629–642. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1604-y

Hidayati, F. (2013). Pengaruh pelatihan “Pengasuhan Ibu Cerdas” terhadap stres pengasuhan pada ibu dari anak autis. Psikoislamika, 10, 29–40.

Hill, C., & Rose, C. (2009). Parenting stress in mothers of adults with an intellec­tual disability: Parental cognitions in relation to child characteristics and family support. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 53, 969–980. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2009.01207.x

Hinkin, T. R., Tracey, J. B., & Enz, C. A. (1997). Scale construction: Developing reliable and valid measurement instruments. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 21(1), 100-120. doi: 10.1177/109634809702100108

Hoffman, C. D., Sweeney, D. P., Lopez-wagner, M. C., Hodge, D., Nam, C., & Botts, B. H. (2008). Children with autism. Sleep problems and mothers’ stress. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 23(3), 155–165. doi: 10.1177/1088357608316271

Kousha, M., Attar, H., Shoar, Z., (2016). Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in Iranian mothers of Children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Health Care, 1-10. doi: 10.1177/1367493515598644

Lee, J. K. (2011). Predictors of parenting stress among mothers of children with autism in South Korea. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Columbia University, New York.

Lee, S., Gopalan, G., & Harrington, D. (2016). Validation of the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form with minority caregivers. Research on Social Work Practice, 26(4), 429–440.

Levenstein, S., Prantera, C., Varvo, V., Scribano, M. L., Berto, E., Luzi, C., & Andreoli, A. (1993). Development of the perceived stress questionnaire: A new tool for psychosomatic research. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 37, 19–32.

Lovibond, S., & Lovibond, P. (1995). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales (2nd ed). Sydney: Psychology Foundation.

Ma, P. (2012). Children with autism in Taiwan and The United States: Paren­tal stress, parent-child relationship, and the reliability of a child develop­ment inventory. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of North Texas.

Mahoney, F. P. (2009). The relationship between parenting stress and maternal responsiveness among mothers of children with developmental pro­blems. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Case Western Reserve University.

May, C., Fletcher, R., Dempsey, I., & Newman, L. (2015). Modeling rela­tions among coparenting quality, autism-specific parenting self-efficacy, and parenting stress in mothers and fathers of children with ASD. Parent­ing: Science and Practice, 15, 119–133. doi: 10.1080/15295192.2015.1020145

Mukhtar, D. Y. (2017). Pengaruh group-based parenting support terhadap stres pengasuhan orang tua yang mengasuh anak dengan gangguan spektrum autis. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Norizan, A., & Shamsuddin, K. (2010). Predictors of parenting stress among Malaysian mothers of children with down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 54(11), 992–1003. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01324.x

Perez-Padilla, J., Menendez, S., Lozano, O. (2015). Validity of the parenting stress index short form in a sample of at-risk mothers. Evaluation Review, 39(4), 428-446. doi: 10.1177/0193841X15600859

Pruitt, M. M., Willis, K., Timmons, L., & Ekas, N. V. (2016). The impact of maternal, child, and family characteristics on the daily well-being and parenting experiences of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 20(8), 973–985. doi: 10.1177/1362361315620409

Retnawati, H. (2015). Validitas, reliabilitas dan karakteristik butir (Panduan untuk peneliti, mahasiswa dan psikometrian). Yogyakarta: Parama Publishing.

Richardson, L. (2010). The relationship of repetitive behavior and sensory behavior to parening stress in mothers of boys with autism and mothers of boys with fragile x syndrome. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of South Carolina, Columbia.

Rodger, S., Keen, D., Braithwaite, M., & Cook, S. (2008). Mothers ’ satisfaction with a home based early intervention programme for children with ASD. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 21, 174–182.

Sa’diyah, S. (2016). Gambaran psycholo­gical well-being dan stres pengasuhan ibu dengan anak autis. In Seminar Asean 2nd Psychology & Humanity (pp. 394–399). Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Retrieved from http://mpsi.umm.ac.id/files/file/394-399 Sakhiyyatus Sa?diyah.pdf.

Samadi, S., McConkey, R., & Bunting, B. (2014). Parental wellbeing of Iranian families with children who have developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(7), 1639–1647. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.04.001

Solis, M., & Abidin, R. (1991). The Spanish version parenting stress index: A psychometric study. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 20, 372–378. doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp2004_5

Tam, K., Chan, Y., & Wong, C. (1994). Validation of the parenting stress index among Chinese mothers in Hong Kong. Journal of Community Psychology, 22, 211–223.

Tucker, A. C. (2013). Los Angeles inter­preting and treating autism in Javanese Indonesia. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles.

Wang, J., Hu, Y., Wang, Y., Qin, X., Xia, W., Sun, C., … Wang, J. (2013). Parenting stress in Chinese mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48, 575–582. doi: 10.1007/s00127-012-0569-7

Wiener, J., Biondic, D., Grimbos, T., & Herbert, M. (2016). Parenting stress of parents of adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44, 561–574. doi: 10.1007/s10802-015-0050-7

Yeh, C., Chen, M., Li, W., & Chuang, H. (2001). The Chinese version of the parenting stress index: A psychometric study. Acta Paediatrica, 90(12), 1470–1477.

Zablotsky, B., Bradshaw, C. P., & Stuart, E. A. (2013). The association between mental health, stress, and coping supports in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 43, 1380–1393. doi: 10.1007/s10803-012-1693-7

Zaidman-Zait, A., Mirenda, P., Duku, E., Szatmari, P., Georgiades, S., Volden, J., … Thompson, A. (2014). Examination of bidirectional relationships between parent stress and two types of problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 1908–1917. doi: 10.1007/s10803-014-2064-3

Zaidman-zait, A., Mirenda, P., Duku, E., Vaillancourt, T., Smith, I. M., Szatmari, P., … Thompson, A. (2017). Impact of personal and social resources on parenting stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 21(2), 155–166. doi: 10.1177/1362361316633033



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.43744

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 10338 | views : 12002

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Psikologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Recent Issues

Buku 1 Buku 1 Buku 1 Buku 1 
Vol 51 Issue 1 (2024)
Page 1-119		 Vol 50 Issue 3 (2023)
Page 219-332		 Vol 50 Issue 2 (2023)
Page 125-218		 Vol 50 Issue 1 (2023)
Page 1-124		 

 

 

Published by Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Building D-6th, Floor No. D-606. Jl. Sosio Humaniora No. 1, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, 55281
Email: jurnalpsikologi@ugm.ac.id
Phone/whatsApp: +6281125210175

Web Analytics Made Easy - StatCounter View My Stats