Effect of Temperature on Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite Using the  In-Situ  Method as a Heavy Metal Adsorbent

Novesar Jamarun; Tri Yupi Amirullah; Syukri Syukri; Arika Prasejati; Wulandari Wulandari; Nabiila Ayyu Tricahyani

doi:10.22146/ijc.93816

Effect of Temperature on Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite Using the In-Situ Method as a Heavy Metal Adsorbent

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.93816

Novesar Jamarun^(1*), Tri Yupi Amirullah⁽²⁾, Syukri Syukri⁽³⁾, Arika Prasejati⁽⁴⁾, Wulandari Wulandari⁽⁵⁾, Nabiila Ayyu Tricahyani⁽⁶⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
(4) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
(5) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
(6) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Removing hazardous non-organic waste containing heavy metals like copper and lead is crucial for environmental protection. Adsorption offers a promising solution, with hydroxyapatite (HAp) serving as a biocompatible adsorbent due to its active surface area. However, its mechanical limitations necessitate enhancement through compositing with chitosan (CTS), a natural biopolymer. This study synthesized hydroxyapatite from cuttlefish bone as a calcium source, while chitosan was extracted from shrimp shells. The hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HAp/CTS) composites were prepared in situ at varying temperatures (55, 60, 65, 70, and 75 °C). The composites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and SAA. The result indicated successful integration of HAp and CTS, with a crystallite size of 13.82 nm in the 65 °C composite. Based on SEM-EDS analysis, the HAp/CTS 65 °C morphology was agglomerated chunk particles with a Ca/P ratio of 1.61. The highest adsorption capacity value is found in the HAp/CTS 65 °C composite for both ions, 1.9979 mg/g for Cu²⁺ ions and 0.9965 for Pb²⁺ ions. The reusability test results of the HAp/CTS 65 °C composite succeeded up to two cycles. This research proves that the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions by HAp/CTS composite adsorbent has been successfully carried out.

Keywords

adsorption; chitosan; cuttlefish bone; hydroxyapatite; reusability

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.93816