Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc
<span><span><span>Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and short communication in all chemistry areas, including applied chemistry. The journal is </span><span lang="EN-MY">accredited</span><span> by The Ministry of Research and Technology/National Agency for Research and Innovation (RISTEK-BRIN) </span><em><strong><span>No.: 85/M/KPT/2020 </span></strong></em>(in First Rank), indexed by Scopus<strong> </strong>since 2012 and has a journal impact factor (JIF) score since 2022. In 2018 and 2019 (Volumes 18 and 19, respectively) Indonesian Journal of Chemistry published four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August, and November). Due to the large number of qualified papers accepted, to speed up the publication of the scientific and valuable research results, since 2020 (Volume 20) Indonesian Journal of Chemistry has increased the frequency of issues to six numbers annually (February, April, June, August, October, and December).</span></span>Universitas Gadjah Madaen-USIndonesian Journal of Chemistry1411-9420<p><span>Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:</span><br /><br /></p><ol><li>Authors automatically transfer the copyright to the journal and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives </a><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">4.0 International License</a> that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.</li><li>Authors are able to enter into separate permission for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.</li><li>Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See <a href="http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html" target="_new">The Effect of Open Access</a>).</li></ol><img style="border-width: 0;" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /><br /><span>This work is licensed under a </span><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. </a>Exploring the Anticancer Activity of Gold Complex with Newly Ligand (DDIBM): Synthesis, Spectral Identification and Magnetic Susceptibility of Its Metallic Complexes
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/89954
<p><em>The new heterocyclic ligand, 5-(dimethylamino)-2-(((2-((</em>E<em>)-(4,5-diphenyl-1</em>H<em>-imidazol-2-yl)diazenyl)benzyl)imino)methyl)phenol (DDIBM), was synthesized via the condensation of </em>p<em>-aminobenzylamine with 4,5-diphenyl imidazole, and the resultant compound was condensed with 4-(dimethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Various instrumental techniques such as mass, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, IR, C.H.N elemental analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to analyze a newly synthesized ligand. A novel series of complexes was prepared by complexing the ligand with Ni(II), Cu(II), Co(II), and Au(III) and characterized using some of the mentioned techniques. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to measure the metal ion percentages in the complexes. The magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity were studied. The electronic spectral data and the magnetic measurement predict the octahedral structure of the complexes except Au(III) complex which has square planer geometry. All complexes showed electrolyte properties. This study aimed to conduct an </em>in vitro<em> cytotoxicity comparative study of DDIBM and its Au(III) complex on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7)<strong> </strong>and other normal cells. The Au(III) complex was found to be highly selective in targeting cancer cells without affecting normal healthy cells, compared to the ligand. Thus, this complex can be considered as a new drug for treating breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and an attempt in the future to study its effect on other types of cancer.</em></p>Siham Sami NoorIbtihal Kadhim Kareem
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
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2024-03-192024-03-1924110.22146/ijc.89954Evaluation of Lead Ion in the Wastewater of the Lifting and Treatment Stations Using ICP-MS and CPE Methods
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/87545
<p class="AddressIJC"><em>To pre-concentrate trace amounts of lead before determining it by UV-vis spectrophotometer, a new method for micelle-mediated phase separation has been created. The process depends on the extraction of lead from iodine media using Triton X-114 in the cloud point extraction method without the need for any chelating agents, where the optimal conditions for the method were achieved, which temperature 50 °C, pH 4, and 30 mmol L<sup>−1</sup> concentration of KI, 0.3 mL of 2% (v/v) Triton X-114, and time of 10 min in the water bath. Linearity was followed between 1 and 16 µg/mL of lead concentration. The method's lead detection limit is 0.1 µg/mL and %RSD 3.633. Additionally, the interference impact of certain cations was evaluated. The proposed technique was successfully applied to determine the lead ion in the wastewater in ten different stations in the center and district of Al-Hur in Karbala City. The lead ion of the wastewater of the stations under study was also determined directly using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology comparing its results with the new method and performing the statistical analysis of both methods. The p-value was less than 0.05, showing significant differences between both methods.</em></p>Mohammed Nasser HussainAhmed Fadhil KhudhairHussain Jawad Ahmed
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
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2024-03-192024-03-1924110.22146/ijc.87545Methotrexate-Polymer Nanocomposites for Targeted Pulmonary Drug Delivery
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/88495
<p class="AddressIJC"><em>Nanocomposite formulation is a suitable technology that enables the development of successful dry powder inhalers. The methotrexate (MTX) and polyamide-disulfide (polymer) were used as a model to form MTX-polymer nanocomposites. Different amounts of the independent variable, MTX (0.025 and 0.050 g), polymer (0.05 and 0.01 g), pH (6.7 and 11.3), and across-linker ferric chloride (FeCl<sub>3</sub>) (0.05 and 0.10 g) were used. The loading efficiency and particle size were dependent variables. The optimized formula can be obtained with the highest loading efficiency and optimum particle size. This formula can be collected by using 0.025 g of drug, 0.079 g of polymer, 0.050 g of FeCl<sub>3</sub>, and pH = 6.7. The release of MTX from the nanocomposites occurs in two release steps; the first release step starts from the beginning up to 60 min, followed by a continuous release phase within 60 min. The results of the NGI analysis demonstrated that 28.1% of the nominated dose in each puff reached the lower parts of the respiratory system, an indication that the nanocomposites can be used in the delivery of MTX as a respiratory system.</em></p>Aseel Khaled Mohammad AL-SarayrahSamer Hasan Hussein-Al-AliMike Khalil HaddadDalia Kalil
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2024-03-152024-03-1524110.22146/ijc.88495Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite/Alginate Composites: Study of pH and Sintering Influenced on the Structural, Morphological, and Clindamycin Release Behavior
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/84558
<p class="Default"><em>The hydroxyapatite/alginate (HAp/Alg) composite was synthesized using an </em>in-situ<em> precipitation route. The effect of pH (8, 9, 10, and 11) and calcination temperature (300, 500, 700, and 900 °C) were studied by characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM with EDAX). XRD results show the hexagonal crystal system of HAp for each pH value and the biphase (HAp and whitelockite) for the sintering temperature at 700 and 900 °C. The FTIR spectra show no impurity peaks. SEM images revealed spherical-like (HAp/Alg-11) and flake-like (HAp/Alg-900) particles with good homogeneity, size, and shape that could be notable for biomedical utilization, such as drug delivery material. Drug loading and release ability of pure HAp, HAp/Alg-11, and HAp/Alg-900 composites have been investigated with clindamycin hydrochloride as the drug model. The maximum clindamycin HCl release from HAp, HAP/Alg-11, and HAp/Alg-900 reached 74.48, 92.75, and 69.65% in the 8<sup>th</sup> hour. HAp/Alg-11 has the highest release because it has the largest surface area of 162.584 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Antibacterial test results showed HAp/Alg-11 has antibacterial activity against </em>Staphylococcus aureus<em> and </em>Escherichia coli<em>, confirming that HAp/Alg-11 composite has the potential to be applied as drug delivery.</em></p>Wulandari WulandariDini Muthi'ah IslamiNovesar JamarunDiana Vanda WelliaEmriadi Emriadi
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
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2024-03-142024-03-1424110.22146/ijc.84558Iodine-catalyzed Synthesis, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activity of Isatin Derivatives
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/84113
<em>Isatin is a unique compound with many bioactivities such as antiviral, anti-HIV, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, and antifungal. In this study, isatin derivatives were synthesized with an iodine catalyst and tested for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Isatin derivatives were conducted through a Knoevenagel condensation reaction between isatin and malononitrile. The products were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography, melting point apparatus, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and LC-MS. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained at 10% mol of catalyst, at boiling point ethanol solvent for 30 min. The yield of the isatin derivative products was 71% (<strong>3a</strong>), 61% (<strong>3b</strong>), and 67% (<strong>3c</strong>). The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were weak activity against </em>S. aureus<em> and </em>E. coli<em>. The antioxidant activity test resulted in IC<sub>50</sub> values of 266.47, 220.43, and 654.85 ppm for compounds <strong>3a</strong>, <strong>3b</strong>, and <strong>3c</strong>, respectively. The synthesis method using an iodine catalyst in this reaction offers a higher product yield compared to a catalyst-free reaction.</em>Antonius Herry CahyanaAgus Rimus LiandiYosua Ongkowidjawa
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
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2024-03-142024-03-1424110.22146/ijc.84113