Extraction, Isolation, and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from  Barangan  Banana ( Musa acuminata  L.) Peduncles Waste

Ratna Ratna; Nasrul Arahman; Agus Arip Munawar; Sri Aprilia

doi:10.22146/ijc.74718

Extraction, Isolation, and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Barangan Banana (Musa acuminata L.) Peduncles Waste

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.74718

Ratna Ratna⁽¹⁾, Nasrul Arahman⁽²⁾, Agus Arip Munawar⁽³⁾, Sri Aprilia^(4*)

(1) Doctoral Program, School of Engineering, Post Graduate Program, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
(2) Doctoral Program, School of Engineering, Post Graduate Program, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Graduate School of Environmental Management, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Research Center for Environmental and Natural Resources, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Hamzah Fansuri No. 4, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Atsiri Research Center, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Syeh A. Rauf, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
(3) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
(4) Doctoral Program, School of Engineering, Post Graduate Program, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis has an impact on the characteristics of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCCs). In this study, NCCs was prepared from banana peduncles through hydrolysis of sulfuric acid (concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 M) and hydrolysis time (0.5 and 1.5 h) assisted by microwave and ultrasonic energy to obtain the best NCCs. The characterization of NCCs properties, namely, yield, morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, heat resistance, particle size, and color. The results showed that the yield of NCCs decreased as sulfuric acid concentration and the time length of hydrolysis increased. The FTIR spectra of NCCs showed the most relevant molecular bands, namely O–H, C–H, and C–O, at the wavenumbers range of 3200–4000, 2500–3200, and 500–1500 cm⁻¹, respectively. The TGA test showed that the decomposition of NCCs occurred at a temperature of 275.35–409.40 °C, with a weight loss ranging from 84.00% to 94.09%. Crystallinity index and crystal sizes range from 53.99% to 57.33% and 22.35 to 36.28 nm, respectively. The brightest color of NCCs powder was generated with 1 M sulfuric acid and a hydrolysis time of 0.5 h. In conclusion, barangan banana peduncles waste can be used as raw material for producing NCCs.

Keywords

nanocrystalline cellulose; barangan banana peduncles waste; acid hydrolysis; microwave; ultrasonic

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.74718