Azo Dye Adsorption onto Cobalt Oxide: Isotherm, Kinetics, and Error Analysis Studies

Hawraa Kassem Hami; Ruba Fahmi Abbas; Shireen Abdulmohsin Azeez; Nedaa Ibrahim Mahdi

doi:10.22146/ijc.62326

Azo Dye Adsorption onto Cobalt Oxide: Isotherm, Kinetics, and Error Analysis Studies

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.62326

Hawraa Kassem Hami⁽¹⁾, Ruba Fahmi Abbas^(2*), Shireen Abdulmohsin Azeez⁽³⁾, Nedaa Ibrahim Mahdi⁽⁴⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
(2) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
(3) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
(4) Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The current study focused on utilizing cobalt oxide to eliminate hazardous Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye. The impact of pH (2, 4, 7, 8, and 10) and temperature (45, 50, and 55 °C) was examined for EBT removal. The results show that the maximum sorption occurred at pH = 2 and that the removal percentage increased with increasing temperature. Five non-linear regression methods were used to predict the best isotherm and kinetic models. A coefficient of non-determination, K², was very helpful for selecting the RMSD function as a preferable error function among the five methods. Isothermal models to illustrate equilibrium sorption information, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models were used. The results showed that the Langmuir model (R² = 0.99) was the most favorable, indicating monolayer sorption of EBT occurred. The kinetics models were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order whereas the sorption information was well described by the pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.99). The results of the thermodynamic study appeared that the adsorption of EBT was endothermic, feasible, spontaneous, and physical adsorption.

Keywords

Eriochrome Black T dye; adsorption; isotherm; kinetic; error analysis

Full Text:

Full Text PDF

References

[1] Barka, N., Abdennouri, M., and EL Makhfouk, M., 2001, Removal of methylene blue and Eriochrome Black T from aqueous solutions by biosorption on Scolymus hispanicus L.: Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 42 (2), 320–326.

[2] Elijah, O.C., and Joseph, N., 2014, Adsorption studies on the removal of Eriochrome Black-T from aqueous solution using Nteje clay, SOP Trans. Appl. Chem., 1 (2), 14–25.

[3] Ventura-Camargo, B.C., and Marin-Morales, M.A., 2013, Azo dyes: Characterization and toxicity–A review, TLIST, 2 (2), 85–103.

[4] Deb, A., Debnath, A., and Saha, B., 2020, Sono-assisted enhanced adsorption of Eriochrome Black-T dye onto a novel polymeric nanocomposite: Kinetic, isotherm, and response surface methodology optimization, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 0 (0), 1–14.

[5] Singh, P.K., and Singh, R.L., 2017, Bio-removal of azo dyes: A review, Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol., 5 (2), 108–126.

[6] Khurana, I., Shaw, A.K., Bharti, Khurana, J.M., and Rai, P.K., 2018, Batch and dynamic adsorption of Eriochrome Black T from water on magnetic graphene oxide: Experimental and theoretical studies, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6 (1), 468–477.

[7] Dave, P.N., Kaur, S., and Khosla, E., 2011, Removal of Eriochrome Black-T by adsorption on to eucalyptus bark using green technology, Indian J. Chem. Technol., 18 (1), 53–60.

[8] Zeydouni, G., Kianizadeh, M., Khaniabadi, Y.O., Nourmoradi, H., Esmaeili, S., Mohammadi, M., and Rashidi, R., 2018, Eriochrome black-T removal from aqueous environment by surfactant modified clay: Equilibrium, kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies, Toxin Rev., 38 (4), 307–317.

[9] Ahmaruzzaman, M., Ahmed, M.J.K., and Begum, S., 2015, Remediation of Eriochrome Black T-contaminated aqueous solutions utilizing H₃PO₄-modified berry leaves as a non-conventional adsorbent, Desalin. Water Treat., 56 (6), 1507–1519.

[10] Safa, Y., 2014, Biosorption of Eriochrome Black T and Astrazon FGGL blue using almond and cotton seed oil cake biomass in a batch mode, J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 36 (4), 614–623.

[11] Alp, H., Ince, M., Ince, O.K., and Onal, A., 2020, Biosorptive removal of Eriochrome Black-T using Agaricus campestris: Parameters optimization with response surface methodology, Desalin. Water Treat., 175, 244–254.

[12] Bansal, M., Patnala, P.K., and Dugmore, T., 2020, Adsorption of Eriochrome Black-T (EBT) using tea waste as a low cost adsorbent by batch studies: A green approach for dye effluent treatments, Curr. Res. Green Sustainable Chem., 3, 100036.

[13] de Luna, M.D.G., Flores, E.D., Genuino, D.A.D., Futalan, C.M., and Wan, M.W., 2013, Adsorption of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye using activated carbon prepared from waste rice hulls–Optimization, isotherm and kinetic studies, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 44 (4), 646–653.

[14] Singh, S.A., Vemparala, B., and Madras, G., 2015, Adsorption kinetics of dyes and their mixtures with Co₃O₄–ZrO₂ composites, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 3 (4, Part A), 2684–2696.

[15] Sivarajasekar, N., and Baskar, R., 2013, Adsorption of basic red 9 onto activated carbon derived from immature cotton seeds: Isotherm studies and error analysis, Desalin. Water Treat., 52 (40-42) 7743–7765.

[16] Aly-Eldeen, M.A., El-Sayed, A.A.M., Salem, D.M.S.A., and El Zokm, G.M., 2018, The uptake of Eriochrome Black T dye from aqueous solutions utilizing waste activated sludge: Adsorption process optimization using factorial design, Egypt. J. Aquat. Res., 44 (3), 179–186.

[17] Abbas, R.F., Hami H.K., and Mahdi, N.I., 2019, Removal of doxycycline hyclate by adsorption onto cobalt oxide at three different temperatures: Isotherm, thermodynamic and error analysis, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.,16 (10), 5439–5446.

[18] Prasetyo, I., Mukti, N.I.F., Fahrurrozi, M., and Ariyanto, T., 2018, Removing ethylene by adsorption using cobalt oxide-loaded nanoporous carbon, ASEAN J. Chem. Eng., 18 (1), 9–16.

[19] Abbas, R.F., Hami, H.K., Mahdi, N.I., and Waheb, A.A., 2020, Removal of Eriochrome Black T dye by using Al₂O₃ nanoparticles: Central composite design, isotherm and error analysis, Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. A, 44 (4), 993–1000.

[20] Dada, A.O., Olalekan, A.P., Olatunya, A.M., and Dada, O., 2012, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms studies of equilibrium sorption of Zn²⁺ unto phosphoric acid modified rice husk, IOSR J. Appl. Chem., 3 (1), 38–45.

[21] Kumar, K.V., Porkodi, K., and Rocha, F., 2008, Isotherms and thermodynamics by linear and non-linear regression analysis for the sorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon: Comparison of various error functions, J. Hazard. Mater., 151 (2-3), 794–804.

[22] Sivarajasekar, N., and Baskar, R., 2019, Adsorption of Basic Magenta II onto H₂SO₄ activated immature Gossypium hirsutum seeds: Kinetics, isotherms, mass transfer, thermodynamics and process design, Arabian J. Chem., 12 (7), 1322–1337.

[23] Kazeem, T.S., Zubair, M., Daud, M., and Al-Harthi, M.A., 2020, Enhanced removal of Eriochrome Black T using graphene/NiMgAl-layered hydroxides: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies, Arabian J. Sci. Eng., 45 (9), 7175–7189.

[24] Ladhe, U.V., Wankhede, S.K., Patil, V.T., and Patil, P.R., 2011, Removal of Eriochrome Black T from synthetic wastewater by cotton waste, J. Chem., 8, 178607.

[25] Hami, H.K., Abbas, R.F., Waheb, A.A., and Mahdi, N.I., 2020, Removal of Eriochrome Black T from aqueous solution using Al₂O₃ surface: Linear and non-linear isotherm models, error analysis and thermodynamic studies, Mater. Today: Proc., 20, 599–604.

[26] Ahmed, I.A., Al-Radadi, N.S., Hussein, H.S., and Ragab, A.H., 2019, Environmentally friendly mesoporous nanocomposite prepared from al-dross waste with remarkable adsorption ability for toxic anionic dye, J. Chem., 2019, 7685204.

[27] Sonba, H.J., and Ridha, S.H., 2014, Thermodynamics of adsorption of Eriochrome Black-T dye from aqueous media on each modified kaolin clay and talc, Acta Chim. Pharm. Indica, 4 (2), 111–118.

[28] Moeinpour, F., Alimoradi, A., and Kazemi, M., 2014, Efficient removal of Eriochrome black-T from aqueous solution using NiFe₂O₄ magnetic nanoparticles, J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 12 (1), 112.

[29] Inam, E., Etim, U.J., Akpabio, E.G., and Umoren, S.A., 2017, Process optimization for the application of carbon from plantain peels in dye abstraction, J. Taibah Univ. Sci., 11 (1), 173–185.

[30] Shahmohammadi-Kalalagh, S., and Babazadeh, H., 2014, Isotherms for the sorption of zinc and copper onto kaolinite: Comparison of various error functions, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 11, 111–118.

[31] Nahali, L., Miyah, Y., Assila, O., El Badraoui, A., ElKhazzan, B., and Zerrouq, F., 2019, Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the adsorption of two dyes: Brilliant green and Eriochrome Black T using a natural adsorbent "sugarcane bagasse”, Moroccan J. Chem., 7 (4), 715–726.

[32] Ogundipe, K.D., and Babarinde, A., 2017, Comparative study on batch equilibrium biosorption of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) using plantain (Musa paradisiaca) flower: Kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics, Chem. Int., 3 (2), 135–149.

[33] Saha, T.K., Bishwas, R.K., Karmaker, S., and Islam, Z., 2020, Adsorption characteristics of Allura red AC onto sawdust and hexadecylpyridinium bromide-treated sawdust in aqueous solution, ACS Omega, 5 (22), 13358–13374.

[34] Mustapha, S., Shuaib, D.T., Ndamitso, M.M., Etsuyankpa, M.B., Sumaila, A., Mohammed, U.M., and Nasirudeen, M.B., 2019, Adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions using Albizia lebbeck pods, Appl. Water Sci., 9 (6), 142.

[35] Hami, H.K., Abbas, R.F., and Jasim, A.A., 2019, Kinetics study of removal doxycycline drug from aqueous solution using aluminum oxide surface, Egypt. J. Chem., 62, 91–101.

[36] Zubair, M., Mu’azu, N.D., Jarrah, N., Blaisi, N.I., Abdul Aziz, H., and Al-Harthi, M.A., 2020, Adsorption behavior and mechanism of methylene blue, crystal violet, Eriochrome Black T, and methyl orange dyes onto biochar-derived date palm fronds waste produced at different pyrolysis conditions, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 231 (5), 240.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.62326