Extraction of Phytosterol Concentration in Different Legume Pods by Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation

Noormazlinah Noormazlinah; Norlaili Hashim; Abdurahman Hamid Nour; Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim; Maria Pilar Almajano; Nurul Bahirah

doi:10.22146/ijc.40865

Extraction of Phytosterol Concentration in Different Legume Pods by Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.40865

Noormazlinah Noormazlinah^(1*), Norlaili Hashim⁽²⁾, Abdurahman Hamid Nour⁽³⁾, Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim⁽⁴⁾, Maria Pilar Almajano⁽⁵⁾, Nurul Bahirah⁽⁶⁾

(1) Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
(2) Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
(3) Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
(4) Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
(5) Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia, Avigunda Diagonal 647, Barcelona 08028, Spain
(6) Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The traditional ways in the extraction of bioactive compounds using conventional methods are disadvantageous from both economic and environmental perspectives. In this, the potential of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation conditions for extraction of phytosterol from legume pods was investigated. Salkowski test performed on the legume pod has shown the reddish brown in all sample which confirmed the presence of phytosterol qualitatively. Liebermann-Burchard procedure and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) apparatus were used to study the concentration of phytosterol at different extraction parameters which are temperature (25–80 °C), solvent concentration (50–100% v/v), irradiation time (1–10 min) and microwave power (400–800 W). The optimal conditions for highest yield of extract (0.219 mg/L) were obtained at a microwave power of 600 W, the irradiation time of 6 min, and ethanol concentration of 75% v/v. Results obtained in this study have shown the capability of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation in the extraction of phytosterol from legume pod. Further works are nevertheless required to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved to facilitate the development of an optimum system applicable to the industry.

Keywords

phytosterol; microwave assisted extraction; one-factor-at-a-time; Salkowski test

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.40865