Bio-processing Plantation by-products with White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) to Improve Fermentability and Digestibility Based on Substrate Type and Fermentation Time

https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v46i4.74574

Yulia Riska Azzahra(1), Toto Toharmat(2*), Iwan Prihantoro(3)

(1) Feed Nutrition Study Program, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University Postgraduate School, Bogor, 16689
(2) Department of Feed Nutrition Science, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16689
(3) Department of Feed Nutrition Science, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16689
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Plantation by-products can be used as livestock feed with proper processing, optimizing the feed efficiency of palm kernel cake (PKC), empty oil palm bunch (EOPB), and acacia sawdust (AS). This study aimed to improve the usability of the byproducts as alternative feed through the Pleurotus ostreatus fermentation process. To this end, a 3×3 factorial, completely randomized design was applied. Factor A was the type of substrate, P1 = PKC, P2 = EOFB and P3 = AS. Factor B was the fermentation period, T1 = 0 d, T2 = 30 d and T3 = 60 d. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significantly different result was further tested using Duncan Test. The observed variables include Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, pH value, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), N-NH 3 , and volatile fatty acids (VFA). The study result showed that P.ostreatus mushroom in various substrate types did not significantly affect the fiber fraction of NDF, ADF, and Hemicellulose. This study also found that the interaction of substrate type and fermentation duration significantly affects dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, N-NH 3 production, and VFA values. This study concluded P. ostreotus increased the nutritional value and digestibility of the by- product from plantation processing. The best fermentation duration was 60 d PKC was found to have the highest digestibility value, and the best interaction was found in PKC with 60 d of fermentation.


Keywords


Acacia sawdust, Empty palm bunches, Fermentation, In vitro, Palm kernel cake, Pleurotus ostreotus

Full Text:

PDF


References

Andini, W., A. Subrata, and K. Nuswantara. 2015. Pengaruh rasio energi protein ransum berbasis limbah perkebunan kelapa sawit terhadap kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik dan serat kasar secara in vitro. AAJ. 4: 109–114.

Batubara, L. P., S. P. Ginting, K. Simanhuruk, J. SIanipar, and A. Tarigan. 2003. Pemanfaatan limbah dan hasil ikutan perkebunan kelapa sawit sebagai ransum kambing potong. Prosiding Seminar Nasional. Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner 2003. Bogor. pp 106-109.

Chang, S. T. and P. G. Miles. 1989. Edible Mushrooms and Their Cultivation. CRC Press, inc, Boca Raton, Florida. p: 81-89. Conway, E. J. and E. O’Malley. 1942. Microdiffusion meth-ods. Ammonia and urea using buffered absorbents (revised methods for ranges greater than 10μg. N). Biochem. J. 36: 655-661.

Ditjenbun. 2019. Statistik Unggulan Perkebunan Nasional Direktoral Jendral Perkebunan, Statistik perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia 2019. http://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.2.304-313.

Fardiaz, S. 1992. Mikrobiologi Pangan I. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.

Hadrawi, J. 2014. Kandungan lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa limbah baglog jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreotus) dengan masa inkubasi berbeda sebagai bahan pakan ternak. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan. Universitas Hasanudin Makasar.

Hambakodu, M. and Y. T. Ina. 2019. Evaluasi kecernaan in vitro bahan pakan hasil samping agro industri. Agripet 19: 7-12. http://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v19i1.12953.

Hastuti, D., N. Suliastri, and B. Iskandar. 2011. Pengaruh perlakuan teknologi amofer (amoniasi fermentasi) pada limbah tongkol jagung sebagai alternatif pakan berkualitas ternak ruminansia. Jurnal Mediagro 7: 55-65.

Herliyana, E. N., Nandika, L. I. Achmad,. Sudirman, and A. B. Witarto. 2008. Biodegradation of Sengon-wood Sawdust Substrate by Pleurotus Group Fungi from Bogor. J. Trop. Wood Sci. Technol. 6: 75-84. http://doi.org/10.51850/jitkt.v6i2.248

Ibrahim, Y., E. L. Ladan, and E. A. Olofin. 2013. Proximate and mineral analyses of variously treated sawdust as a potential livestock feed. Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol. 19: 44-48. http://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2018.028.02.10.

Jafari, M., A. Nikkhah, A. A. Sadeghi, and M. Chamami. 2007. The effect of Pleurotus spp. fungi on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of rice straw. PJBS. 10: 2460-2464. http://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.2460.2464.

Kementan. 2016. Kementerian Pertanian. Basis Data Pertanian 2010-2019. Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia 2016.

Lenhinger, W. W. 1991. Dasar-dasar Biokimia I. Erlangga, Jakarta.

McDonald, P., R. A. Edwards, J. F. D. Greenhalgh, and C. A. Morgan. 2002. Animal Nutrition. 5 th edn. Longman Scientific and Technical, New York.

Muslimah, A. P., R. Istiawari, A. Budiman, B. Ayuningsih, and I. Hernawan. 2020. Kajian in vitro ransum sapi potong yang mengandung bungkil tengkawang terhadap fermentabilitas dan kecernaan. JIPT 8: 21-26. http://doi.org/1023960/jipt.v8i1.p21-26.

Nicolini, L., C. VonHunolstein, and A. Carilli. 1987. Solid state fermentation of orange peel dan grape stalks by Pleurotus ostreatus, Agrocybe aegerita and Armillariella mellea. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 26: 95-98.

Nofrizal, S. Mulyani, and Syafrizal. 2019. Pengaruh penggunaan beberapa macam feses ternak pada lahan bera terhadap kualitas fraksi serat (NDF, ADF, selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin) rumput lapangan. J. Embrio. 11: 48-58.

Nurcahyani, E. P., C. I. Sutrisno, and Surahman. 2010. Utilitas ampas tahu yang difermentasi dengan Aspergilus Niger di dalam rumen. Jurnal Penelitian Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

Putra, E. A., Amran. 2009. Pembuatan bioethanol dari nira siwalan secara fermentasi fase cair menggunakan fermipan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia, Universitas Diponogero, Semarang.

Rakhmani, S., Y. Pangestu, A. P. Sinurat, and T. Purwadaria. 2015. Carbohydrate and protein digestion of palm kernel cake using Mannanase BS4 and papain cocktail enzymes. IJAVS. 20: 268–274. http://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v20i4.1245.

Riswandi. 2014. Evaluasi kecernaan silase rumput kumpai (Hymenachne acutigluma) dengan penambahan legum turi mini (Sesbania rostrata). JPS. 3: 43-52. http://doi.org/10.33230/JPS.3.2.2014.1761.

Sari, P. D., W. A. Puri, and D. Hanum. 2019. Delignifikasi bahan lignoselulosa: Pemanfaatan Limbah Pertanian. Qiara Media, Pasuruan.

Sudrajat, D., N. Mulyana, and R. Heryani. 2018. Identifikasi phanerochaete chrysosporium yang di iradiasi sinar gamma dengan marka RAPD. J. Scil. 14: 31-40. http://doi.org/ 10.17146/jair.2018.14.1.4284.

Santi, R. K., D. Fatmasari, S. D. Widyawati and W.P.S. Suprayogi, 2012. Kualitas dan nilai kecernaan in vitro silase batang pisang (Musa paradisiaca) dengan penambahan beberapa akselerator. Tropical Animal Husbandry J. 1: 15-23. http://doi.org/10.25077/jpi.22.2.249-253.2020.

Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1991. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika. PT. Gramedia Pustaka, Jakarta.

Syahrir, N., M. Asmuddin, I. Zain, A. Rohmiyatul, and Anie. 2012. Optimalisasi biofermentasi rumen guna meniingkatklan nilai guna Jerami padi sebagai pakan sapi potong dengan penambahan biomassa murbei dan urea mineral molasses liquid (UMML). JITP. 4: 17-23.

Tilley, J. M. A. and R. A. Terry. 1963. A two stage technique for in vitro digestion of forage crops. Grass Forage Sci. 18: 104-111. http://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v13i2

Usman, Y. 2013. Pemberian pakan serat sisa tanaman pertanian (jerami kacang tanah, jerami jagung, pucuk tebu) terhadap evolusi pH, N-NH dan VFA di dalam rumen sapi. Agripet. 13: 53-58. http://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v13i2.821.

Utomo, W. 2017. Kecernaan dan efisiensi pakan komplit yang mengandung protein dan energi yang berbeda pada kambing Peranakan Etawa Dara. Skripsi Fakultas Peternakan, Pertanian Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

Van Soest, P.J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergen fiber, and nonstrach polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. JDS. 74: 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2.

Widiastuti, H. Suharyanto, A. Wulaningtyas, and Sutamiharja. 2008. Activity of ligninolytic enzymes during growth and fruiting body development of white-rot fungi Omphalina sp and Pleurotus ostreatus. Hayati. J. Biosci. 15: 140-144. http://doi.org/0.4308/hjb.15.4.140.

Yanuarianto, O., M. Amin, M. Iqbal, and S. D. Hasan. 2015. Kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik jerami padi yang difermentasi dengan kombinasi kapur tohor, Bacillus s. dan air kelapa pada waktu yang berbeda. JITP. 1: 47–52. http://doi.org/10.29303/jitpi.v1i1.10.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v46i4.74574

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 926 | views : 588

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Buletin Peternakan (Bulletin of Animal Science) Indexed by:

   
 
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.