* Corresponding Author
The Effect of Choline Chloride Supplementation on the Reproductive Performance of Simmental Bulls Fed Protected Protein in the Ration
https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v44i2.55338 Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono(1*), Yon Soepri Ondho(2), Agung Subrata(3), Pramesti Kusuma Pratiwi(4), Mutiara Briliana Zahra(5), Trisna Itmamulwafa(6), Tertyani Kartika Pratiwi(7), Muslichatun Nisa(8), Widiyanto Widiyanto(9)
(1) Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
(2) Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
(3) Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
(4) Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
(5) Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
(6) Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
(7) Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
(8) Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
(9) Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
SOYXYL supplementation as a source of high-quality protected protein in rumen (Rumen Protected Protein) has proven to improve reproduction performance of bulls. The SOYXYL is an extrusion product of soybean (Glycine max) as a source of rumen protected protein. The potential of the protein supplementation is maximally expressed when it is supported by sufficient of metabolic rate. In this case the choline chloride supplementation increases the metabolic rate. The aim of the research was to analyze the effect of choline chloride supplementation on reproduction performance and hematologic status related to reproduction performance of bulls fed protected protein in the ration. The materials used were 12 bulls aged 5 years having weight of 700 ± 2.75 kg that were divided into 4 treatment groups, each of which consisted of 3 heads. The treatments applied were T0 (control): ration (grass + commercial concentrate) + protected protein supplement “SOYXYL”; T1: control + choline chloride 0.145% dry matter (DM) concentrate/head/day; T2: control + choline chloride 0.290% DM concentrate/head/day; T3: control + choline chloride 0.435% DM concentrate/head/day. Variables measured were nutrient consumption, blood lipid status, blood protein status, and reproduction performance. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in a completely randomized design and statistically processed using SAS program. The result showed that choline chloride supplementation by 0.435% from DM concentrate increased (p<0.05) the concentration of blood plasma protein, blood testosterone hormone, sperm concentration, and sperm motility from 6.44 g/dL, 4.66 ng/mL, 1006.74 million/mL, and 36.00%, respectively, in T0 to be 8.57 g/dL, 9.07 ng/ml, 1270.41 million/mL, and 70.00% in T3, respectively. The choline chloride supplementation up to 0.435% from DM concentrate to bulls supplemented with protected protein containing in the ration increased reproduction performance.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Airaodion, A. I., U. Ogbuagu, E. O. Ogbuagu, A. P. Oloruntoba, A. P. Agunbiade, E. O. Airaodion, I. P. Mokelu, and S. C. Ekeh. 2019. Mechanisms for controlling the synthesis of Lipids – Review. Int. J. Res. 6: 123-135.
Birzniece, V., U. J. Meinhardt, M. A. Umpleby, D. J. Handelsman, and K. K. Y. Ho. 2011. Interaction between testosterone and growth hormone on whole-body protein anabolism occurs in the liver. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96: 1060–1067. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2521.
Budoff, M. 2016. Triglicerides and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein in causal oathway of cardio vascular disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 118: 138-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.04.004
Casares, D., P. V. Escribá, and C. A. Rosselló. 2019. Membrane lipid composition: Effect on membrane and organelle structure, function and compartementalization and therapeutic avenues. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20(9): 2167-2175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092167
Chandler, T. L. and H. M. White. 2017. Choline and methionine differentially alter methyl carbon metabolism in bovine neonatal hepatocytes. PLoS One 12: e0171080. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0171080
Chaudhari, K. I., D. C. Prajapati, P. M. Lunagariya, K. K. Sorathiya, S. N. Patel, R. P. Patel, and A. L. Nayak. 2017. An importance of choline chloride for poultry and cattle: An overview. Int. J. Sci. Environ. Technol. 6: 2804-2810.
http://www.ijset.net/journal/1895.pdf
Cheach, J. and W. Yang. 2011. Functions ofessential nutrition for high quality spermatogenesis. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology. 2: 182-197.
Doi:10.4236/abb. http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ab/
Constable, P., F. M. Trefz, and H. Stampfly. 2019. Effects oh pH and the plasma or serum concentrations, l-lactate, and albumin on the plasma ionized calcium concentration in calves. J. Vet. Int. Med. 33: 1822-1832.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15509
Gallier, S. and H. Singh. 2012. The physical and chemical structure of lipids in relation to digestion and absorption. Lipid Technology. 24: 271-273.
https://doi.org/10.1002/lite.201200240
Gorissen, S. H. M., J. J. R. Crombag, J. M. G. Senden, W. A. H. Waterval, J. Bierau, L. B. Verdijk, and L. J. C. V. Loon. 2018. Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant‑based protein isolates. Amino Acids 50: 1685–1695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2640-5
Grummer, R. 2016. Choline: A limiting nutrient for transition dairy cows. Department of Dairy Science University of Wisconsin, Madison. file:///D:/PUBLIKASI%20BIB%20APRIL%20%202020/GRUMMER%202016.%20SOUTHWEST-NUTRITION-AND-MANAGMENT-CONFERENCE-2016.pdf
Hajilou, M., M. Dehghan-Banadaky, A. Zali, and K. Rezayazdi. 2014. The effects of dietary L-carnitine and rumen-protected choline on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood and rumen metabolites of Holstein Young bulls. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 42: 89-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2013.822807
Harvey, R. A. and D. R. Ferrier. 2011. Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry. 5thedn. Lipponcott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. p. 520.
Kim, N., H. Nakamura, H. Masaki, K. Kumasawa, K. Hirano, and T. Kimura. 2017. Effect of lipid metabolism on male fertility. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 485: 686-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.103
Lagace, T. A. 2016. Phosphatidylcholine: Greasing the Cholesterol Transport Machinery. Lipid Insights 8: 65–73. https://doi.org/10.4137%2FLPI.S31746
Lauro, F. V., D. C. Francisco, G. C. Elodia, R. N. Marcela, P. G. Eduardo, L. R. Maria, and C. L. Abelardo. 2016. Design and synthesis three steroid-tetraone derivatoives using testosterone as chemical tool. Letters in Organic Chemistry. 13: 591-603. DOI : 10.2174/1570178613666160824143943
Niculescu, N. D. and S. H. Zeisel. 2002. Diet, methyl donor and DNA methylation: Unteractions between dietary folate, methionine and choline. J. Nutr. 132: 2333-2335. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.8.2333S
Ouimet, M., T. J. Barret, and E. A. Fisher. 2019. HDL and reverse cholesterol transport, basic mechanisms and their roles in vascular health and disease. Circulation Research. 124: 1505-1518. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.312617
Prasetiyono, B. W. H. E., Suryahadi, T. Toharmat, and R. Syarief. 2007. Strategi suplementasi protein ransum sapi potong berbasis jerami dan dedak padi. Media Peternakan 30: 207-217.
Prasetiyono, B. W. H. E., Widiyanto, Y. S. Ondho, A. Subrata, and H. S. Widodo. 2020. Effect of SOYXYL as a Dietary Protected Protein Supplement on the Reproductive Performance of Simmental Bulls. Animal Production. 22: 1-8.
Radostits, O. M., C. C. Gay, K. W Hinchcliff, and P. D. Constable. 2007. Veterinary medicine: A textbook of the disease of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses. 10th edn. Elsevier Healts Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Rato, L., M. G. Alves, S. Socorro, A. I. Duarte, J. E. Cavaco, and P. F. Oliveira. 2012. Metabolic regulation is important for spermatogenesis. Nat. Rev. Urol. 9: 330–338. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2012.77
Sachidhanandam, M., S. N. Singh, A. K. Salhan, and U. S. Ray. 2010. Evaluation of plasma hormone concentrations using enzyme-immunoassay/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in healthy Indian men: effect of ethnicity. Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 25: 153-157.
SAS. 2009. SAS User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc, SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC 27513.
Steel, R. G. D., J. H. Torrie, and D. A. Dickey. 1996. Principles and Procedures of Statistic: A Biometrical Approach. McGraw-Hill College.
Vijayalakshmy, K., M. Virmani, D. Kumar, P. Kumar, and H. Rahman. 2018. Different Methods of Assessing Semen Quality. Indian Farmer 5: 1383-1387.
Wang, Y., F. Chen, L. Ye, B. Zirkin, and H. Chen. 2017. Steroidogenesis in Leydig cells: effects of aging and environmental factors. Reproduction. 154: R111-R122. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-17-0064.
Watson, H. 2015. Biological membranes. Essays Biochem. 59: 43-69: https://doi.org/10.1042/bse0590043.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v44i2.55338
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 1903
| 
views : 1907
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Buletin Peternakan (Bulletin of Animal Science) Indexed by:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.