Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Nano-Hydrogel of Zinc and Annona Muricata Extract
Keywords:
Annona muricata, Hydrogel, Nanoparticle, Gelation method, Chitosan
Abstract
A scientific method is essential for phytochemists to deliver active ingredients in a consistent manner. This can be accomplished through the development of novel drug delivery systems for active plant compounds. The current study aims to prepare Annona muricata leaves extract (ALE) containing nano zinc formulation into a nano-particulate hydrogel. The active components were extracted by cold maceration of Anona muricata leaves in ethanol and then converted into polymeric nanoparticles by gelation method based on electrostatic interaction between the Hydroxyl Amine on Chitosan and a cluster of negative charge from the polyanion NaTPP. Zinc oxide nano particles (ZNPs) was formulated by precipitating zinc acetate with sodium hydroxide. These were then incorporated with Carbopol-940 to generate the gel matrix. The result demonstrated that polymeric nanoparticles are closely spherical in shape with a z-average 358.45 ± 11.3 nm and PDI in the range of 0.440-0.812. The gels exhibited a high viscosity, a neutral pH, and acceptable spreadability. Furthermore, a stability assay demonstrates that it has chemical stability and does not cause skin irritation, making it appropriate for transdermal delivery.
References
REFERENCES
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Chang, C. C., Yang, M. H., Wen, H. M., & Chern, J. C. (2002). Estimation of Total Flavonoid Content in Propolis by Two Complementary Colorimetric Methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10, 178-182. doi:10.38212/2224-6614.2748
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Kim, G.-T., Tran, N. K. S., Choi, E.-H., Song, Y.-J., Song, J.-H., Shim, S.-M., & Park, T.-S. (2016). Immunomodulatory Efficacy of Standardized Annona muricata (Graviola) Leaf Extract via Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, 2905127. doi:10.1155/2016/2905127
Md, S., Alhakamy, N. A., Aldawsari, H. M., Kotta, S., Ahmad, J., Akhter, S., . . . Sivakumar, P. M. (2020). Improved Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Diclofenac Sodium by Topical Nanoemulgel: Formulation Development—In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Journal of Chemistry, 2020, 4071818. doi:10.1155/2020/4071818
Moghadamtousi, S. Z., Rouhollahi, E., Hajrezaie, M., Karimian, H., Abdulla, M. A., & Kadir, H. A. (2015). Annona muricata leaves accelerate wound healing in rats via involvement of Hsp70 and antioxidant defence. Int J Surg, 18, 110-117. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.03.026
Moghimi, S. M., Hunter, A. C., & Murray, J. C. (2005). Nanomedicine: current status and future prospects. Faseb j, 19(3), 311-330. doi:10.1096/fj.04-2747rev
Mugiyanto, E., Cahyanta, A. N., Putra, I. M. A. S., Setyahadi, S., & Simanjuntak, P. (2019). Identifying active compounds of soursop ethanolic fraction as α-glucosidase inhibitor. Pharmaciana, 9(2), 191-200.
Najihah, N., Ya’akob, H., & Mohamad Rosdi, M. N. (2016). Acetogenins of Annona muricata leaves: Characterization and potential anticancer study. Integrative Cancer Science and Therapeutics, 3. doi:10.15761/ICST.1000202
Newton, M., Maheshbabu, C., Kumar, N., & Kumar, R. (2014). Effect of Carbopol 940 on Drug Release Profile and Floating Characteristics of Floating Drug Delivery System of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Using HPMC Different Grades. Journal of Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Volume 2, No. 1, June 2014. Journal of Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, 2. doi:10.14205/2309-4435.2014.02.01.4
Ogbu, I. M., & Ajiwe, V. I. E. (2016). FTIR studies of thermal stability of the oils and methyl esters from Afzelia africana and Hura crepitans seeds. Renewable Energy, 96, 203-208. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.055
Padmini, C., Samarasekera, R., & Pushpakumara, D. (2015). Antioxidant capacity and total phenol content of Sri Lankan Annona muricata L. Tropical Agricultural Research, 25, 252. doi:10.4038/tar.v25i2.8146
Patra, J. K., Das, G., Fraceto, L. F., Campos, E. V. R., Rodriguez-Torres, M. D. P., Acosta-Torres, L. S., . . . Shin, H. S. (2018). Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnology, 16(1), 71. doi:10.1186/s12951-018-0392-8
Rai, V. K., Mishra, N., Yadav, K. S., & Yadav, N. P. (2018). Nanoemulsion as pharmaceutical carrier for dermal and transdermal drug delivery: Formulation development, stability issues, basic considerations and applications. J Control Release, 270, 203-225. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.049
Robinson, M. K., Parsell, K. W., Breneman, D. L., & Cruze, C. A. (1991). Evaluation of the primary skin irritation and allergic contact sensitization potential of transdermal triprolidine. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 17(1), 103-119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(91)90243-W
Roohani, N., Hurrell, R., Kelishadi, R., & Schulin, R. (2013). Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review. J Res Med Sci, 18(2), 144-157.
Schwall, C. T., & Banerjee, I. A. (2009). Micro- and Nanoscale Hydrogel Systems for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. Materials, 2(2), 577-612. doi:10.3390/ma2020577
Sobhani, H., Tarighi, P., Ostad, S. N., Shafaati, A., Nafissi-Varcheh, N., & Aboofazeli, R. (2015). Formulation Development and Toxicity Assessment of Triacetin Mediated Nanoemulsions as Novel Delivery Systems for Rapamycin. Iran J Pharm Res, 14(Suppl), 3-21.
Sun, S., Liu, J., Zhou, N., Zhu, W., Dou, Q. P., & Zhou, K. (2016). Isolation of three new annonaceous acetogenins from Graviola fruit (Annona muricata) and their anti-proliferation on human prostate cancer cell PC-3. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 26(17), 4382-4385.
Sungthongjeen, S., Pitaksuteepong, T., Somsiri, A., & Sriamornsak, P. (1999). Studies on pectins as potential hydrogel matrices for controlled-release drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 25(12), 1271-1276. doi:10.1081/ddc-100102298
Wang, Z., Li, H., Tang, F., Ma, J., & Zhou, X. (2018). A Facile Approach for the Preparation of Nano-size Zinc Oxide in Water/Glycerol with Extremely Concentrated Zinc Sources. Nanoscale research letters, 13(1), 202-202. doi:10.1186/s11671-018-2616-0
WHO. (2019). WHO global report on traditional and complementary medicine 2019. Retrieved from
Zorofchian Moghadamtousi, S., Abdul Kadir, H., Hassandarvish, P., Tajik, H., Abubakar, S., & Zandi, K. (2014). A Review on Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Activity of Curcumin. BioMed Research International, 2014, 186864. doi:10.1155/2014/186864
Abdellatif, A. A. H., El-Telbany, D., Zayed, G., & Al-Sawahli, M. (2018). Hydrogel Containing PEG-Coated Fluconazole Nanoparticles with Enhanced Solubility and Antifungal Activity. Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 14. doi:10.1007/s12247-018-9335-z
Agu, K. C., & Okolie, P. N. (2017). Proximate composition, phytochemical analysis, and in vitro antioxidant potentials of extracts of Annona muricata (Soursop). Food science & nutrition, 5(5), 1029-1036. doi:10.1002/fsn3.498
Alishahi, A., Mirvaghefi, A., Tehrani, M., Farahmand, H., Koshio, S., Dorkoosh, F., & Elsabee, M. Z. (2011). Chitosan nanoparticle to carry vitamin C through the gastrointestinal tract and induce the non-specific immunity system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Carbohydrate Polymers, 86(1), 142-146.
Ansari, S. H., Islam, F., & Sameem, M. (2012). Influence of nanotechnology on herbal drugs: A Review. Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research, 3(3), 142-146. doi:10.4103/2231-4040.101006
Basu, A., Kunduru, K. R., Abtew, E., & Domb, A. J. (2015). Polysaccharide-Based Conjugates for Biomedical Applications. Bioconjug Chem, 26(8), 1396-1412. doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00242
Batheja, P., Sheihet, L., Kohn, J., Singer, A. J., & Michniak-Kohn, B. (2011). Topical drug delivery by a polymeric nanosphere gel: formulation optimization and in vitro and in vivo skin distribution studies. Journal of controlled release, 149(2), 159-167.
Bettini, R., & Cocconi, D. (2001). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Third Edition: Arthur H. Kibbe (ed.), Pharmaceutical Press, London, 2000, 665 pp. Journal of controlled release, 71, 352–353.
Chang, C. C., Yang, M. H., Wen, H. M., & Chern, J. C. (2002). Estimation of Total Flavonoid Content in Propolis by Two Complementary Colorimetric Methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10, 178-182. doi:10.38212/2224-6614.2748
Coria-Téllez, A. V., Montalvo-Gónzalez, E., Yahia, E. M., & Obledo-Vázquez, E. N. (2018). Annona muricata: A comprehensive review on its traditional medicinal uses, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and toxicity. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 11(5), 662-691.
Gato, K., Fujii, M. Y., Hisada, H., Carriere, J., Koide, T., & Fukami, T. (2020). Molecular state evaluation of active pharmaceutical ingredients in adhesive patches for transdermal drug delivery. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 58, 101800. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101800
Gupta, M., Mahajan, V. K., Mehta, K. S., & Chauhan, P. S. (2014). Zinc therapy in dermatology: a review. Dermatology research and practice, 2014, 709152-709152. doi:10.1155/2014/709152
Henzel, J. H., DeWeese, M. S., & Lichti, E. L. (1970). Zinc concentrations within healing wounds. Significance of postoperative zincuria on availability and requirements during tissue repair. Arch Surg, 100(4), 349-357. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1970.01340220025005
Ismail, S. H., Hamdy, A., Ismail, T. A., Mahboub, H. H., Mahmoud, W. H., & Daoush, W. M. (2021). Synthesis and Characterization of Antibacterial Carbopol/ZnO Hybrid Nanoparticles Gel. Crystals, 11(9). doi:10.3390/cryst11091092
Iswanti, F. C., Nurulita, I., Djauzi, S., Sadikin, M., Witarto, A. B., & Yamazaki, T. (2019). Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of chitosan-based nanoparticles as CpG ODN carriers. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 33(1), 390-396. doi:10.1080/13102818.2019.1578690
Joshi, M., & Patravale, V. (2006). Formulation and Evaluation of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC)–based Gel of Valdecoxib. Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 32, 911-918. doi:10.1080/03639040600814676
Kalaiselvi, M., Duraisamy, G., & Uma, C. (2012). Occurrence of Bioactive compounds in Ananus comosus (L.): A quality Standardization by HPTLC. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2, S1341–S1346. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60413-4
Kesarwani, K., Gupta, R., & Mukerjee, A. (2013). Bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin: an overview. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 3(4), 253-266. doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60060-x
Khan, I., Saeed, K., & Khan, I. (2019). Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12(7), 908-931. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.05.011
Kim, G.-T., Tran, N. K. S., Choi, E.-H., Song, Y.-J., Song, J.-H., Shim, S.-M., & Park, T.-S. (2016). Immunomodulatory Efficacy of Standardized Annona muricata (Graviola) Leaf Extract via Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, 2905127. doi:10.1155/2016/2905127
Md, S., Alhakamy, N. A., Aldawsari, H. M., Kotta, S., Ahmad, J., Akhter, S., . . . Sivakumar, P. M. (2020). Improved Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Diclofenac Sodium by Topical Nanoemulgel: Formulation Development—In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Journal of Chemistry, 2020, 4071818. doi:10.1155/2020/4071818
Moghadamtousi, S. Z., Rouhollahi, E., Hajrezaie, M., Karimian, H., Abdulla, M. A., & Kadir, H. A. (2015). Annona muricata leaves accelerate wound healing in rats via involvement of Hsp70 and antioxidant defence. Int J Surg, 18, 110-117. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.03.026
Moghimi, S. M., Hunter, A. C., & Murray, J. C. (2005). Nanomedicine: current status and future prospects. Faseb j, 19(3), 311-330. doi:10.1096/fj.04-2747rev
Mugiyanto, E., Cahyanta, A. N., Putra, I. M. A. S., Setyahadi, S., & Simanjuntak, P. (2019). Identifying active compounds of soursop ethanolic fraction as α-glucosidase inhibitor. Pharmaciana, 9(2), 191-200.
Najihah, N., Ya’akob, H., & Mohamad Rosdi, M. N. (2016). Acetogenins of Annona muricata leaves: Characterization and potential anticancer study. Integrative Cancer Science and Therapeutics, 3. doi:10.15761/ICST.1000202
Newton, M., Maheshbabu, C., Kumar, N., & Kumar, R. (2014). Effect of Carbopol 940 on Drug Release Profile and Floating Characteristics of Floating Drug Delivery System of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Using HPMC Different Grades. Journal of Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Volume 2, No. 1, June 2014. Journal of Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, 2. doi:10.14205/2309-4435.2014.02.01.4
Ogbu, I. M., & Ajiwe, V. I. E. (2016). FTIR studies of thermal stability of the oils and methyl esters from Afzelia africana and Hura crepitans seeds. Renewable Energy, 96, 203-208. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.055
Padmini, C., Samarasekera, R., & Pushpakumara, D. (2015). Antioxidant capacity and total phenol content of Sri Lankan Annona muricata L. Tropical Agricultural Research, 25, 252. doi:10.4038/tar.v25i2.8146
Patra, J. K., Das, G., Fraceto, L. F., Campos, E. V. R., Rodriguez-Torres, M. D. P., Acosta-Torres, L. S., . . . Shin, H. S. (2018). Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnology, 16(1), 71. doi:10.1186/s12951-018-0392-8
Rai, V. K., Mishra, N., Yadav, K. S., & Yadav, N. P. (2018). Nanoemulsion as pharmaceutical carrier for dermal and transdermal drug delivery: Formulation development, stability issues, basic considerations and applications. J Control Release, 270, 203-225. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.049
Robinson, M. K., Parsell, K. W., Breneman, D. L., & Cruze, C. A. (1991). Evaluation of the primary skin irritation and allergic contact sensitization potential of transdermal triprolidine. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 17(1), 103-119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(91)90243-W
Roohani, N., Hurrell, R., Kelishadi, R., & Schulin, R. (2013). Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review. J Res Med Sci, 18(2), 144-157.
Schwall, C. T., & Banerjee, I. A. (2009). Micro- and Nanoscale Hydrogel Systems for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. Materials, 2(2), 577-612. doi:10.3390/ma2020577
Sobhani, H., Tarighi, P., Ostad, S. N., Shafaati, A., Nafissi-Varcheh, N., & Aboofazeli, R. (2015). Formulation Development and Toxicity Assessment of Triacetin Mediated Nanoemulsions as Novel Delivery Systems for Rapamycin. Iran J Pharm Res, 14(Suppl), 3-21.
Sun, S., Liu, J., Zhou, N., Zhu, W., Dou, Q. P., & Zhou, K. (2016). Isolation of three new annonaceous acetogenins from Graviola fruit (Annona muricata) and their anti-proliferation on human prostate cancer cell PC-3. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 26(17), 4382-4385.
Sungthongjeen, S., Pitaksuteepong, T., Somsiri, A., & Sriamornsak, P. (1999). Studies on pectins as potential hydrogel matrices for controlled-release drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 25(12), 1271-1276. doi:10.1081/ddc-100102298
Wang, Z., Li, H., Tang, F., Ma, J., & Zhou, X. (2018). A Facile Approach for the Preparation of Nano-size Zinc Oxide in Water/Glycerol with Extremely Concentrated Zinc Sources. Nanoscale research letters, 13(1), 202-202. doi:10.1186/s11671-018-2616-0
WHO. (2019). WHO global report on traditional and complementary medicine 2019. Retrieved from
Zorofchian Moghadamtousi, S., Abdul Kadir, H., Hassandarvish, P., Tajik, H., Abubakar, S., & Zandi, K. (2014). A Review on Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Activity of Curcumin. BioMed Research International, 2014, 186864. doi:10.1155/2014/186864
Published
2023-05-19
How to Cite
Muhtadi, M., Mugiyanto, E., Nizmah Fajriyah, N., S, S., Waznah, U., Bagus Pambudi, D., Fridiana, Safitri, E. D., & Rosyidand, F. N. (2023). Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Nano-Hydrogel of Zinc and Annona Muricata Extract. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 34(2), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.5788
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Research Article
