Potential Role of Centella asiatica and Sauropus androgynus in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Induced-Obesity Animal Model
Keywords:
Centella asiatica, Obesity, Sauropus androgynus, Triglycerides
Abstract
Obesity is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation, which leads to metabolic syndrome diseases such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension. Efforts to reduce obesity can minimize the risk of the disease. This study aims to determine the antiobesity activity of a combination of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr (SA) and Centella asiatica L.Urban (CA) in a Swiss Webster obese mouse model. A total of 36 mice were randomly grouped into six groups, including the control group (receiving drug carriers), positive (receiving drug carriers), and standard (receiving orlistat 15.6 mg/kg BW). Three groups receiving a combination of SA & CA with a dosage ratio SA: CA includes 25:25 mg/kg BW, 25:50 mg/kg BW, 50:25 mg/kg. All groups (except the normal group) induced obesity with a high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet for 28 days. The drug is given orally for 28 days. Body weight, feed index, feces index, organ index, fat index, serum triglyceride levels (TG), and percent inhibition of lipid peroxidation using malondialdehyde (MDA) absorbance were all measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in parameters of body weight, feed index, feces index, organ index, fat index, serum triglyceride (TG) level, lipid-peroxidation inhibition, and histology of adipocytes between groups of animals receiving a combination extracts compared to the positive control group (p<0.05). The study results concluded that the combination of SA and CA had antiobesity activity.
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Ahnen, D. J., Guerciolini, R., Hauptman, J., Blotner, S., Woods, C. J., & Wargovich, M. J. (2007). Effect of orlistat on fecal fat, fecal biliary acids, and colonic cell proliferation in obese subjects. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5(11), 1291–1299.
Begum, S. K. A., & Swamy, K. (2019). Studies on the anti obesity activity of ethanolic extract of Centella Asiatica in Triton-X, High fat diet and Progesterone induced obesity. American Journal of PharmTech Research.
Buhman, K. K., Smith, S. J., Stone, S. J., Repa, J. J., Wong, J. S., Knapp, F. F., Burri, B. J., Hamilton, R. L., Abumrad, N. A., & Farese, R. v. (2002). DGAT1 is not essential for intestinal triacylglycerol absorption or chylomicron synthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(28), 25474–25479.
Bunawan, H., Bunawan, S. N., Baharum, S. N., & Noor, N. M. (2015). Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. induced bronchiolitis obliterans: from botanical studies to toxicology. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015.
Chandrika, U. G., & Prasad Kumara, P. A. A. S. (2015). Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica): Nutritional Properties and Plausible Health Benefits. In Advances in Food and Nutrition Research (Vol. 76, pp. 125–157). Academic Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.08.001
Charrez, B., Qiao, L., & Hebbard, L. (2015). The role of fructose in metabolism and cancer. Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation, 22(2), 79–89.
Chen, H. C., & Farese Jr, R. v. (2000). DGAT and triglyceride synthesis: a new target for obesity treatment? Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10(5), 188–192.
Elliott, S. S., Keim, N. L., Stern, J. S., Teff, K., & Havel, P. J. (2002). Fructose, weight gain, and the insulin resistance syndrome. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(5), 911–922.
Fernández-Sánchez, A., Madrigal-Santillán, E., Bautista, M., Esquivel-Soto, J., Morales-González, Á., Esquivel-Chirino, C., Durante-Montiel, I., Sánchez-Rivera, G., Valadez-Vega, C., & Morales-González, J. A. (2011). Inflammation, oxidative stress, and obesity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(5), 3117–3132.
Gruzdeva, O., Borodkina, D., Uchasova, E., Dyleva, Y., & Barbarash, O. (2018). Localization of fat depots and cardiovascular risk. Lipids in Health and Disease, 17(1), 1–9.
Han, T. S., & Lean, M. E. J. (2016). A clinical perspective of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. JRSM Cardiovascular Disease, 5, 2048004016633371.
Hikmawanti, N. P. E., Fatmawati, S., & Asri, A. W. (2021). The effect of ethanol concentrations as the extraction solvent on antioxidant activity of Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) leaves extracts. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 755(1), 012060.
Łopuszańska, U. J., Skórzyńska-Dziduszko, K., Lupa-Zatwarnicka, K., & Makara-Studzińska, M. (2014). Mental illness and metabolic syndrome – A literature review. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 21(4), 815–821. https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1129939
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2018). Hasil utama Riskesdas 2018.
Mustarichie, R., Salsabila, T., & Iskandar, Y. (2019). Determination of the major component of water fraction of katuk (Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr.) leaves by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences, 11(Suppl 4), S611.
Noeman, S. A., Hamooda, H. E., & Baalash, A. A. (2011). Biochemical study of oxidative stress markers in the liver, kidney and heart of high fat diet induced obesity in rats. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 3(1), 1–8.
Onakpoya, I., Hung, S. K., Perry, R., Wider, B., & Ernst, E. (2011). The use of Garcinia extract (hydroxycitric acid) as a weight loss supplement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Journal of Obesity, 2011.
Park, A., Kim, W. K., & Bae, K.-H. (2014). Distinction of white, beige and brown adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells. World Journal of Stem Cells, 6(1), 33.
Patonah, P., Susilawati, E., & Riduan, A. (2018). Antiobesity Activity of Katuk Leaf Extract (Sauropus androgynus L.Merr) in Mice Models of Obesity. Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia, 14(2), 137–152.
QOWIYYAH, A., IHSAN, S., HAMDANI, S., & SYIFA, L. (2020). Antiobesity activity of extract under various fractions of jambu air samarang (syzygium samarangense) leaves on wistar female rats.
Romieu, I., Dossus, L., Barquera, S., Blottière, H. M., Franks, P. W., Gunter, M., Hwalla, N., Hursting, S. D., Leitzmann, M., & Margetts, B. (2017). Energy balance and obesity: what are the main drivers? Cancer Causes & Control, 28(3), 247–258.
Sahebkar, A., Simental-Mendia, L. E., Reiner, Ž., Kovanen, P. T., Simental-Mendia, M., Bianconi, V., & Pirro, M. (2017). Effect of orlistat on plasma lipids and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 randomized controlled trials. Pharmacological Research, 122, 53–65.
Sakers, A., de Siqueira, M. K., Seale, P., & Villanueva, C. J. (2022). Adipose-tissue plasticity in health and disease. Cell, 185(3), 419–446.
Smith, S. J., Cases, S., Jensen, D. R., Chen, H. C., Sande, E., Tow, B., Sanan, D. A., Raber, J., Eckel, R. H., & Farese, R. v. (2000). Obesity resistance and multiple mechanisms of triglyceride synthesis in mice lacking Dgat. Nature Genetics, 25(1), 87–90.
Torres, N., Vargas-Castillo, A. E., & Tovar, A. R. (2016). Adipose tissue: white adipose tissue structure and function.
World Health Organization. (2014). Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases.
World Health Organization. (2021). Obesity : Preventing and managing the global epidemic.
Zhao, Y., Shu, P., Zhang, Y., Lin, L., Zhou, H., Xu, Z., Suo, D., Xie, A., & Jin, X. (2014). Effect of Centella asiatica on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic animal models. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2014.
Published
2024-06-10
How to Cite
Hasimun, P., Damayanti, E. P., & Sulaeman, A. (2024). Potential Role of Centella asiatica and Sauropus androgynus in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Induced-Obesity Animal Model. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 35(2), 272-281. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.5763
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Research Article
