Antioxidant Activity and Irritation Potency of Face Tonic Formulation from Ethanol Fraction of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.)
Keywords:
Antioxidant activity, Face tonic, Irritation potency, Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.)
Abstract
Sappan wood is a medicinal plant that contains phenolic compounds such as brazilin. It can be used to treat photoaging due to oxidative stress. Face tonic is one type of facial skin care cosmetic that has this purpose. The research aims to determine the formula, IC50 value, and irritation potency of face tonic from the ethanol fraction of sappan wood. The ethanol fraction of sappan wood was formulated into a face tonic preparation using glycerin and propylene glycol as cosolvents. The evaluation of face tonic involved antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Meanwhile, the irritation-potential test was conducted using the HET-CAM method. The results showed that face tonic formulas had an antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 639.904 ppm (FI) and 620.365 ppm (FII). The irritation score of each formula was 0 (non-irritant) and 5.44 (moderate irritant). Face tonic with glycerin as a cosolvent has antioxidant activity and is safe to use.
References
Achat, S., Rakotomanomana, N., Madani, K., & Dangles, O. (2016). Antioxidant activity of olive phenols and other dietary phenols in model gastric conditions: Scavenging of the free radical DPPH and inhibition of the haem-induced peroxidation of linoleic acid. Food Chemistry, 213, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.076
Akib, N. I., Salim, Armin, N. A., Malaka, M. H., & Baka, W. K. (2016). Development and Evaluation of Waru ( Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn .) Leaf and Avocado ( Persea americana Mill .) Fruit Extracts for Hair Growth. International Journal Of Chemical, Environmental, and Biological Science (IJCEBS), 4(2), 138–142. https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jcebe
Badan Standarisasi Nasional. (1998). Lotion Hair Tonic (Standard Nasional Indonesia 16.4955.1998) (Badan Standarisasi Nasional, Ed.). Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Bagley, D. M., Waters, D., & Kong, B. M. (1994). Development of a 10-day chorioallantoic membrane vascular assay as an alternative to the draize rabbit eye irritation test. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 32(12), 1155–1160. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(94)90131-7
Budai, P., Kormos, É., Buda, I., Somody, G., & Lehel, J. (2021). Comparative evaluation of HET-CAM and ICE methods for objective assessment of ocular irritation caused by selected pesticide products. Toxicology in Vitro, 74, 105150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105150
Cazedey, E. C. L., Carvalho, F. C., Fiorentino, F. A. M., Gremião, M. P. D., & Salgado, H. R. N. (2009). Corrositex®, BCOP and HET-CAM as alternative methods to animal experimentation. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 45(4), 759–766. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-82502009000400021
Chen, Z., Bertin, R., & Froldi, G. (2013). EC50 estimation of antioxidant activity in DPPH assay using several statistical programs. Food Chemistry, 138(1), 414–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.001
Chu, M.-J., Wang, Y.-Z., Itagaki, K., Ma, H.-X., Xin, P., Zhou, X.-G., Chen, G.-Y., Li, S., & Sun, S.-Q. (2013). Identification of active compounds from Caesalpinia sappan L. extracts suppressing IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells by PLS. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 148(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.050
Dawidowicz, A. L., Wianowska, D., & Olszowy, M. (2012). On practical problems in estimation of antioxidant activity of compounds by DPPH method (Problems in estimation of antioxidant activity). Food Chemistry, 131(3), 1037–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.067
Derouiche, M. T. T., & Abdennour, S. (2017). HET-CAM test. Application to shampoos in developing countries. Toxicology in Vitro, 45, 393–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.024
Desriani, D., Azizah, N., Wahyuni, R., & Putri, A. E. P. (2018). Formulasi Hair Tonic Ekstrak Buah Mentimun (Cucumis sativus) sebagai Solusi Ketombe dan Rambut Rontok pada Wanita Berhijab. Pharmauho: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, Dan Kesehatan, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.33772/pharmauho.v4i1.4633
Elias, P. M., Ahn, S. K., Denda, M., Brown, B. E., Crumrine, D., Kimutai, L. K., Kömüves, L., Lee, S. H., & Feingold, K. R. (2002). Modulations in Epidermal Calcium Regulate the Expression of Differentiation-Specific Markers. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 119(5), 1128–1136. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.19512.x
Feingold, K. R., Schmuth, M., & Elias, P. M. (2007). The Regulation of Permeability Barrier Homeostasis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 127(7), 1574–1576. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700774
Gilleron, L., Coecke, S., Sysmans, M., Hansen, E., van Oproy, S., Marzin, D., van Cauteren, H., & Vanparys, Ph. (1996). Evaluation of a modified HET-CAM assay as a screening test for eye irritancy. Toxicology in Vitro, 10(4), 431–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-2333(96)00021-5
Gilleron, L., Coecke, S., Sysmans, M., Hansen, E., van Oproy, S., Marzin, D., van Cauteren, H., & Vanparys, Ph. (1997). Evaluation of the HET-CAM-TSA method as an alternative to the draize eye irritation test. Toxicology in Vitro, 11(5), 641–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-2333(97)00074-X
Girdthep, S., Sirirak, J., Daranarong, D., Daengngern, R., & Chayabutra, S. (2018). Physico-chemical characterization of natural lake pigments obtained from Caesalpinia Sappan Linn. and their composite films for poly(lactic acid)-based packaging materials. Dyes and Pigments, 157, 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.04.043
Handayani, V., Ahmad, A. R., & Sudir, M. (2014). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Bunga dan Daun Patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm) Menggunakan Metode DPPH. Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 1(2), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v1i2.3321
Hasanah, N., & Novian, D. R. (2020). Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L ) Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Jerawat ( Propionibacterium acnes ). Journal Ilmiah Farmasi, 9(1), 46–53. https://ejournal.poltektegal.ac.id/index.php/parapemikir/article/view/1753
Huang, S., Ou, W., Li, W., Xiao, H., Pang, Y., Zhou, Y., Wang, X., Yang, X., & Wang, L. (2020). A total synthesis of (+)-brazilin. Tetrahedron Letters, 61(26), 152052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152052
Hwang, H. S., & Shim, J. H. (2018). Brazilin and Caesalpinia sappan L. extract protect epidermal keratinocytes from oxidative stress by inducing the expression of GPX7. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 16(3), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(18)30048-7
Jenie, R., Handayani, S., Susidarti, R. A., & Meiyanto, E. (2020). The Effect of Brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan on Cell Cycle and Modulation and Cell Senescence in T47D cells. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 31(2), 84. https://doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjpharm31iss2pp84
Jimtaisong, A., & Sarakonsri, T. (2019). Chitosan intercalated bentonite as natural adsorbent matrix for water-soluble sappanwood dye. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 129, 737–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.078
Kandi, S., & Charles, A. L. (2019). Statistical comparative study between the conventional DPPH spectrophotometric and dropping DPPH analytical method without spectrophotometer: Evaluation for the advancement of antioxidant activity analysis. Food Chemistry, 287, 338–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.110
Lee, Y.-R., Noh, E.-M., Han, J.-H., Kim, J.-M., Hwang, J.-K., Hwang, B.-M., Chung, E.-Y., Kim, B.-S., Lee, S.-H., Lee, S. J., & Kim, J.-S. (2012). Brazilin inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in human dermal fibroblasts. European Journal of Pharmacology, 674(2–3), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.016
Li, L.-Q., Li, M.-M., Wang, K., & Qin, H.-B. (2013). Total synthesis of (±)-brazilin and formal synthesis of (±)-brazilein, (±)-brazilide A using m-CPBA. Tetrahedron Letters, 54(45), 6029–6031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.081
Liao, W. C., & Lien, C.-Y. (2011). Facial Toner Preparation Using Distilled Fragrant Compounds of Natural Herbal Plants. Journal of Chemical Education, 88(4), 470–472. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed100475p
McKenzie, B., Kay, G., Matthews, K. H., Knott, R. M., & Cairns, D. (2015). The hen’s egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test to predict the ophthalmic irritation potential of a cysteamine-containing gel: Quantification using Photoshop® and ImageJ. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 490(1–2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.023
Öztürk, A. A., & Kıyan, H. T. (2020). Treatment of oxidative stress-induced pain and inflammation with dexketoprofen trometamol loaded different molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles: Formulation, characterization and anti-inflammatory activity by using in vivo HET-CAM assay. Microvascular Research, 128, 103961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103961
Padmaningrum, R. T., Marwati, S., & Wiyarsi, A. (2012). Karakter Ekstrak Zat Warna Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia Sappan L) Sebagai Indikator Titrasi Asam Basa. In Kismiantini, D. Darmawan, E. Priyambodo, A. Wijaya, & S. Nurohman (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian, Pendidikan dan Penerapan MIPA (pp. 1–9). Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. http://eprints.uny.ac.id/id/eprint/5306
Parsa, A., & Salout, S. A. (2016). Investigation of the antioxidant activity of electrosynthesized polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite in a binary electrolyte system on ABTS and DPPH free radicals. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 760, 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.11.021
Rina, O., Dharma, A., Itam, A., & Ibrahin, S. (2016). Screening for active agent to anti-diarrhea by an evaluation of antimicrobial activities from three fractions of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan. L). Der Pharma Chemica, 8(19), 114–117. http://derpharmachemica.com/archive.html
Rowe, R. C., Sheskey, P. J., & Quinn, M. E. (2009). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (R. C. Rowe, P. J. Sheskey, & M. E. Quinn, Eds.; 6th ed., Vol. 6). Pharmaceutical Press.
Sari, D. Y., Widyasari, R., & Artari, V. T. (2021a). Antioxidant activity of hair tonic from ethanol extract , ethanol fraction , and chloroform-methanol fraction of secang wood ( Caesalpinia sappan L .). European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 8(2), 179–184. https://www.ejpmr.com/home/abstract_id/7852
Sari, D. Y., Widyasari, R., & Artari, V. T. (2021b). Antioxidant Activity of Hair Tonic From Ethanol Extract, Ethanol Fraction, and Chloroform-Methanol Fraction of Secang Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH, 8(2), 179–184. https://www.ejpmr.com/home/abstract_id/7852
Schrader, K., & Domsch, A. (2005). Cosmetology-Theory and Practitice (K. Schrader & A. Domsch, Eds.; Vol. 2). Verlag fiir chemische Industrie.
Sheth, F., & Subrata De. (2012). Evaluation of comparative antioxidant potential of four cultivars of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. by HPLC-DPPH method. Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 2(4), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.5530/ax.2012.4.13
Steiling, W., Bracher, M., Courtellemont, P., & de Silva, O. (1999). The HET–CAM, a Useful In Vitro Assay for Assessing the Eye Irritation Properties of Cosmetic Formulations and Ingredients. Toxicology in Vitro, 13(2), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-2333(98)00091-5
Sutarna, T. H., Ngadeni, A., & Anggiani, R. (2013). Formulasi Sediaan Masker Gel Dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) dan Madu Hitam (Apisdorsata) Sebagai Antioksidan. Kartika Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v1i1.23
Toding, L. G., & Zulkarnain, A. K. (2015). Optimizing formula and qualitative primary irritation test in female white rabbit of w/o cream the ethanolic extract of phaleria fruit. Majalah Farmaseutik, 11(2), 321–327.
Vinardell, M. P., & Macián, M. (1994). Comparative study of the HET-CAM test and the Draize eye test for assessment of irritancy potential. Toxicology in Vitro, 8(3), 467–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-2333(94)90170-8
Wetwitayaklung, P., Phaechamud, T., & Keokitichai, S. (2005). The Antioxidant Activity of Caesalpinia sappan L. Heartwood in Various Ages. Naresuan Univ. J, 13(2), 43–52. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.1564
Wilson, T. D., & Steck, W. F. (2000). A modified HET–CAM assay approach to the assessment of anti-irritant properties of plant extracts. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 38(10), 867–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00091-0
Yim, D.-G., Seo, J.-K., Yum, H.-W., Zahid, M. A., Park, J.-Y., Parvin, R., Go, J., Jin, S.-K., Koo, O.-K., & Yang, H.-S. (2019). Effects of Caesalpinia sappan L. extract on the color stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in cooked pork sausages during cold storage. LWT, 112, 108235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.06.002
Yuliani, S. H. (2013). Wound Healing Evaluation and Irritation Potency of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) Ethanolic Extract. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 11(1), 83–88. http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/252/175
Yuliani, S. H., Rahmadani, Y., & Istyastono, E. P. (2016). Uji Iritasi Sediaan Gel Penyembuh Luka Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong Menggunakan Slug Irritation Test. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 14(2), 135–140. http://jurnalfarmasi.or.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/22
Akib, N. I., Salim, Armin, N. A., Malaka, M. H., & Baka, W. K. (2016). Development and Evaluation of Waru ( Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn .) Leaf and Avocado ( Persea americana Mill .) Fruit Extracts for Hair Growth. International Journal Of Chemical, Environmental, and Biological Science (IJCEBS), 4(2), 138–142. https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jcebe
Badan Standarisasi Nasional. (1998). Lotion Hair Tonic (Standard Nasional Indonesia 16.4955.1998) (Badan Standarisasi Nasional, Ed.). Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Bagley, D. M., Waters, D., & Kong, B. M. (1994). Development of a 10-day chorioallantoic membrane vascular assay as an alternative to the draize rabbit eye irritation test. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 32(12), 1155–1160. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(94)90131-7
Budai, P., Kormos, É., Buda, I., Somody, G., & Lehel, J. (2021). Comparative evaluation of HET-CAM and ICE methods for objective assessment of ocular irritation caused by selected pesticide products. Toxicology in Vitro, 74, 105150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105150
Cazedey, E. C. L., Carvalho, F. C., Fiorentino, F. A. M., Gremião, M. P. D., & Salgado, H. R. N. (2009). Corrositex®, BCOP and HET-CAM as alternative methods to animal experimentation. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 45(4), 759–766. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-82502009000400021
Chen, Z., Bertin, R., & Froldi, G. (2013). EC50 estimation of antioxidant activity in DPPH assay using several statistical programs. Food Chemistry, 138(1), 414–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.001
Chu, M.-J., Wang, Y.-Z., Itagaki, K., Ma, H.-X., Xin, P., Zhou, X.-G., Chen, G.-Y., Li, S., & Sun, S.-Q. (2013). Identification of active compounds from Caesalpinia sappan L. extracts suppressing IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells by PLS. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 148(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.050
Dawidowicz, A. L., Wianowska, D., & Olszowy, M. (2012). On practical problems in estimation of antioxidant activity of compounds by DPPH method (Problems in estimation of antioxidant activity). Food Chemistry, 131(3), 1037–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.067
Derouiche, M. T. T., & Abdennour, S. (2017). HET-CAM test. Application to shampoos in developing countries. Toxicology in Vitro, 45, 393–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.024
Desriani, D., Azizah, N., Wahyuni, R., & Putri, A. E. P. (2018). Formulasi Hair Tonic Ekstrak Buah Mentimun (Cucumis sativus) sebagai Solusi Ketombe dan Rambut Rontok pada Wanita Berhijab. Pharmauho: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, Dan Kesehatan, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.33772/pharmauho.v4i1.4633
Elias, P. M., Ahn, S. K., Denda, M., Brown, B. E., Crumrine, D., Kimutai, L. K., Kömüves, L., Lee, S. H., & Feingold, K. R. (2002). Modulations in Epidermal Calcium Regulate the Expression of Differentiation-Specific Markers. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 119(5), 1128–1136. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.19512.x
Feingold, K. R., Schmuth, M., & Elias, P. M. (2007). The Regulation of Permeability Barrier Homeostasis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 127(7), 1574–1576. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700774
Gilleron, L., Coecke, S., Sysmans, M., Hansen, E., van Oproy, S., Marzin, D., van Cauteren, H., & Vanparys, Ph. (1996). Evaluation of a modified HET-CAM assay as a screening test for eye irritancy. Toxicology in Vitro, 10(4), 431–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-2333(96)00021-5
Gilleron, L., Coecke, S., Sysmans, M., Hansen, E., van Oproy, S., Marzin, D., van Cauteren, H., & Vanparys, Ph. (1997). Evaluation of the HET-CAM-TSA method as an alternative to the draize eye irritation test. Toxicology in Vitro, 11(5), 641–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-2333(97)00074-X
Girdthep, S., Sirirak, J., Daranarong, D., Daengngern, R., & Chayabutra, S. (2018). Physico-chemical characterization of natural lake pigments obtained from Caesalpinia Sappan Linn. and their composite films for poly(lactic acid)-based packaging materials. Dyes and Pigments, 157, 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.04.043
Handayani, V., Ahmad, A. R., & Sudir, M. (2014). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Bunga dan Daun Patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm) Menggunakan Metode DPPH. Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 1(2), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v1i2.3321
Hasanah, N., & Novian, D. R. (2020). Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L ) Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Jerawat ( Propionibacterium acnes ). Journal Ilmiah Farmasi, 9(1), 46–53. https://ejournal.poltektegal.ac.id/index.php/parapemikir/article/view/1753
Huang, S., Ou, W., Li, W., Xiao, H., Pang, Y., Zhou, Y., Wang, X., Yang, X., & Wang, L. (2020). A total synthesis of (+)-brazilin. Tetrahedron Letters, 61(26), 152052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152052
Hwang, H. S., & Shim, J. H. (2018). Brazilin and Caesalpinia sappan L. extract protect epidermal keratinocytes from oxidative stress by inducing the expression of GPX7. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 16(3), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(18)30048-7
Jenie, R., Handayani, S., Susidarti, R. A., & Meiyanto, E. (2020). The Effect of Brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan on Cell Cycle and Modulation and Cell Senescence in T47D cells. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 31(2), 84. https://doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjpharm31iss2pp84
Jimtaisong, A., & Sarakonsri, T. (2019). Chitosan intercalated bentonite as natural adsorbent matrix for water-soluble sappanwood dye. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 129, 737–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.078
Kandi, S., & Charles, A. L. (2019). Statistical comparative study between the conventional DPPH spectrophotometric and dropping DPPH analytical method without spectrophotometer: Evaluation for the advancement of antioxidant activity analysis. Food Chemistry, 287, 338–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.110
Lee, Y.-R., Noh, E.-M., Han, J.-H., Kim, J.-M., Hwang, J.-K., Hwang, B.-M., Chung, E.-Y., Kim, B.-S., Lee, S.-H., Lee, S. J., & Kim, J.-S. (2012). Brazilin inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in human dermal fibroblasts. European Journal of Pharmacology, 674(2–3), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.016
Li, L.-Q., Li, M.-M., Wang, K., & Qin, H.-B. (2013). Total synthesis of (±)-brazilin and formal synthesis of (±)-brazilein, (±)-brazilide A using m-CPBA. Tetrahedron Letters, 54(45), 6029–6031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.081
Liao, W. C., & Lien, C.-Y. (2011). Facial Toner Preparation Using Distilled Fragrant Compounds of Natural Herbal Plants. Journal of Chemical Education, 88(4), 470–472. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed100475p
McKenzie, B., Kay, G., Matthews, K. H., Knott, R. M., & Cairns, D. (2015). The hen’s egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test to predict the ophthalmic irritation potential of a cysteamine-containing gel: Quantification using Photoshop® and ImageJ. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 490(1–2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.023
Öztürk, A. A., & Kıyan, H. T. (2020). Treatment of oxidative stress-induced pain and inflammation with dexketoprofen trometamol loaded different molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles: Formulation, characterization and anti-inflammatory activity by using in vivo HET-CAM assay. Microvascular Research, 128, 103961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103961
Padmaningrum, R. T., Marwati, S., & Wiyarsi, A. (2012). Karakter Ekstrak Zat Warna Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia Sappan L) Sebagai Indikator Titrasi Asam Basa. In Kismiantini, D. Darmawan, E. Priyambodo, A. Wijaya, & S. Nurohman (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian, Pendidikan dan Penerapan MIPA (pp. 1–9). Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. http://eprints.uny.ac.id/id/eprint/5306
Parsa, A., & Salout, S. A. (2016). Investigation of the antioxidant activity of electrosynthesized polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite in a binary electrolyte system on ABTS and DPPH free radicals. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 760, 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.11.021
Rina, O., Dharma, A., Itam, A., & Ibrahin, S. (2016). Screening for active agent to anti-diarrhea by an evaluation of antimicrobial activities from three fractions of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan. L). Der Pharma Chemica, 8(19), 114–117. http://derpharmachemica.com/archive.html
Rowe, R. C., Sheskey, P. J., & Quinn, M. E. (2009). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (R. C. Rowe, P. J. Sheskey, & M. E. Quinn, Eds.; 6th ed., Vol. 6). Pharmaceutical Press.
Sari, D. Y., Widyasari, R., & Artari, V. T. (2021a). Antioxidant activity of hair tonic from ethanol extract , ethanol fraction , and chloroform-methanol fraction of secang wood ( Caesalpinia sappan L .). European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 8(2), 179–184. https://www.ejpmr.com/home/abstract_id/7852
Sari, D. Y., Widyasari, R., & Artari, V. T. (2021b). Antioxidant Activity of Hair Tonic From Ethanol Extract, Ethanol Fraction, and Chloroform-Methanol Fraction of Secang Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH, 8(2), 179–184. https://www.ejpmr.com/home/abstract_id/7852
Schrader, K., & Domsch, A. (2005). Cosmetology-Theory and Practitice (K. Schrader & A. Domsch, Eds.; Vol. 2). Verlag fiir chemische Industrie.
Sheth, F., & Subrata De. (2012). Evaluation of comparative antioxidant potential of four cultivars of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. by HPLC-DPPH method. Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 2(4), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.5530/ax.2012.4.13
Steiling, W., Bracher, M., Courtellemont, P., & de Silva, O. (1999). The HET–CAM, a Useful In Vitro Assay for Assessing the Eye Irritation Properties of Cosmetic Formulations and Ingredients. Toxicology in Vitro, 13(2), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-2333(98)00091-5
Sutarna, T. H., Ngadeni, A., & Anggiani, R. (2013). Formulasi Sediaan Masker Gel Dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) dan Madu Hitam (Apisdorsata) Sebagai Antioksidan. Kartika Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v1i1.23
Toding, L. G., & Zulkarnain, A. K. (2015). Optimizing formula and qualitative primary irritation test in female white rabbit of w/o cream the ethanolic extract of phaleria fruit. Majalah Farmaseutik, 11(2), 321–327.
Vinardell, M. P., & Macián, M. (1994). Comparative study of the HET-CAM test and the Draize eye test for assessment of irritancy potential. Toxicology in Vitro, 8(3), 467–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-2333(94)90170-8
Wetwitayaklung, P., Phaechamud, T., & Keokitichai, S. (2005). The Antioxidant Activity of Caesalpinia sappan L. Heartwood in Various Ages. Naresuan Univ. J, 13(2), 43–52. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.1564
Wilson, T. D., & Steck, W. F. (2000). A modified HET–CAM assay approach to the assessment of anti-irritant properties of plant extracts. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 38(10), 867–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00091-0
Yim, D.-G., Seo, J.-K., Yum, H.-W., Zahid, M. A., Park, J.-Y., Parvin, R., Go, J., Jin, S.-K., Koo, O.-K., & Yang, H.-S. (2019). Effects of Caesalpinia sappan L. extract on the color stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in cooked pork sausages during cold storage. LWT, 112, 108235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.06.002
Yuliani, S. H. (2013). Wound Healing Evaluation and Irritation Potency of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) Ethanolic Extract. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 11(1), 83–88. http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/252/175
Yuliani, S. H., Rahmadani, Y., & Istyastono, E. P. (2016). Uji Iritasi Sediaan Gel Penyembuh Luka Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong Menggunakan Slug Irritation Test. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 14(2), 135–140. http://jurnalfarmasi.or.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/22
Published
2023-05-19
How to Cite
Sari, D. Y., & Widyasari, R. (2023). Antioxidant Activity and Irritation Potency of Face Tonic Formulation from Ethanol Fraction of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.). Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 34(2), 261-271. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.4552
Issue
Section
Research Article
