Antibacterial Activity and GC–MS Based Metabolite Profiles of Indonesian Marine Bacillus
Keywords:
Marine Bacillus, antimicrobial, GC-MS, bioactive compounds
Abstract
Investigating Indonesian marine bacteria producing active compounds is key to finding a cultivable source of marine drugs. Screening the potential strain as well as profiling the active compounds are important steps to identifying the targeted substances. Methods used in this study were isolated some Bacillus strains from several marine environments in Indonesia, evaluated the antibacterial activity, and characterized the secondary metabolite using GC-MS spectroscopy. Several active antimicrobial compounds derived from marine microorganisms were identified using GC-MS such as pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, octatriacontyl pentafluoropropionate. We found that some marine bacillus showed antimicrobial activity, such as B. flexus, B. tequilensis, B subtilis, and Bacillus sp. Profiling of metabolites on GC-MS showed the presence of several bioactive compounds in the ethyl acetate extract, which were identified to be nitrogen compounds such as pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, phthalates compounds (butyl isohexyl ester and 1,2 benzendicarboxilate bis (2-etilhexyl) ester), and dibutyl phthalate. Some phenolic compounds also were found, such as tris (2,4-di-ter-butilfenil) fosfat, phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl), and phenol 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl). Finally, fatty acid derivatives such as n-hexadecanoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, 7-hexadecene, farnesol isomer A, and stigmastan-3,5-diene were also identified in several marine bacillus.
References
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Zhang YJ., Xu LL., Zhang S., Liu XZ., An ZQ., Wang M., and Guo YL., 2009 Genetic diversity of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a medicinal fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for its evolution and conservation. BMC Evol Biol 9, 290.
Amborabe BE., Fleurat-Lessard P., et al., 2002. Antifungal effect of salicylic acid and other benzoic derivates towards Eutypa lata: Structure-activity relationship. Plant Phys.Biochem. 132 (1): 1051-1060. DOI:10.1016/S0981-9428(02)01470-5
Baruzzi F., Quintieri L.; Morea M.; et al., 2011. Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Bacillus spp. and Applications in Food. In Science against Microbial Pathogens: Communicating Current Research and Technological Advances; Vilas, A.M., Ed.; Formatex: Badajoz, Spain, pp. 1102–1111.
Barsby T.; Kelly MT.; Gagne SM., et al., 2001. Bogorol A produced in culture by a marine Bacillus sp. reveals a novel template for cationic peptide antibiotics. Org. Lett. 3, 437–440.DOI : 10.1021/ol006942q
Berrue F.; Ibrahim A.; Boland P., et al., .2009. Newly isolated marine Bacillus pumilus (SP21): A source of novel lipoamides and other antimicrobial agents. Pure Appl. Chem. 81: 1027–1031. https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-CON-08-09-25
Campos FM., Couto JA., Hogg T., 2019. The utilization of natural and by-products to improve wine safety In Wine Safety, Consumer Preference, and Human Health 2 May 2019. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-24514-0_2.
Chen XH., Koumoutsi A., Scholz R. et al., 2007. Comparative analysis of the complete genome sequence of the plant growth–promoting bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Nature Biotechnology. 25(9):1007-1014. doi:10.1038/nbt1325
Dey G., Bharti R., Kumar A., Das et al., 2017. Resensitization of Akt Induced Docetaxel Resistance in Breast Cancer by ‘Iturin A’ a Lipopeptide Molecule from Marine Bacteria Bacillus megaterium. Scientific reports. 7: 17324 . DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-17652-z
Debbab A.; Aly AH.; Proksch P., 2011. Bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytes and associated marine-derived fungi. Fungal Diversity 49:1-2 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s 13225-011-01140.
Fernández R., Dherbomez M., Letourneux Y., et al., 1999. Antifungal metabolites from the marine sponge Pachastrissa sp.: new bengamide and bengazole derivatives. J Nat Prod. 62(5):678-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np980330l. PMID: 10346943.
Hughes CC., Fenical W., 2010. Antibacterials from the sea. Chemistry A European Journal 16(42):12512-12525. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.2010011279
Hamdache A.; Lamarti A.; Aleu J., et al., 2011. Non-peptide metabolites from the genus Bacillus. J. Nat. Prod. 74: 893–899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np100853e |
Johnson TA., Sohn J., Vaske YM., et al., 2012. Myxobacteria versus sponge-derived alkaloids: the bengamide family was identified as potent immune modulating agents by scrutiny of LC-MS/ELSD libraries. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 20(14): 4348–4355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.043
Khurana H., Sharmaa M., Vermab H., et al., 2020. Genomic insights into the phylogeny of Bacillus strains and elucidation of their secondary metabolic potential. Genomics 112:3191-3200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.005.
Kim M., and Chun J., 2014. Chapter 4 - 16S rRNA Gene-Based Identification of Bacteria and Archaea using the EzTaxon Server. Methods in Microbiology 41:61-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mim.2014.08.001
Ma Z., Zhang S., Zhang S., et al., 2020. Isolation and characterization of a new cyclic lipopeptide surfactin from a marine-derived Bacillus velezensis SH-B74. The Journal of Antibiotics . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41429-020-0347-9.
Maruthanayagam V., Nagarajan M., and Sundararaman M., 2013. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236648514 Cytotoxicity assessment of cultivable marine cyanobacterial extracts in Artemia salina (brine shrimp) larvae and cancer cell lines. Toxin Reviews 32(1): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569543.2012.754772
Mondol MA., Shin HJ., Islam MT., 2013. Diversity of secondary metabolites from marine Bacillus species: chemistry and biological activity. Marine drugs.11(8): 2846–2872. https://doi.org/10.3390/md11082846.
Mohana G., Thangappanpillaib AKT., Ramasamyd B., 2016. Antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolites and phylogenetic study of sponge endosymbiotic bacteria, Bacillus sp. at Agatti Island, Lakshadweep Archipelago. Biotechnology Reports 11 :44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2016.06.001
Packeiser H., Lim C., Balagurunathan B., et al., 2013. An extremely simple and effective colony PCR procedure for bacteria, yeasts, and microalgae. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 169(2), 695–700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-0043-8.Rampelotto PH. 2010. Resistance of Microorganisms to Extreme Environmental Conditions and Its Contribution to Astrobiology.Sustainability. 2: 1602-1623. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2061602.
Rodrigues L., Teixeira J., Oliveira R., et al., 2006. Response surface optimization of the medium components for the production of biosurfactants by probiotic bacteria. J. Process Biochemistry. 41(1) :1–10.
Surat., 2019. DNA Methylation: Eukaryotes versus Prokaryotes. https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/DNA-Methylation-Eukaryotes-versus-Prokaryotes.aspx. 8 June 2019.
Valinluck V., Tsai H., Rogstad DK., et al. 2004. Oxidative damage to methyl-CpG sequences inhibits the binding of the methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Nucleic Acids Research. 32(14): 4100-4108.
Varsha KK., Devendra L., Shilpa G., et al. 2015. 2,4-Di-tert-butyl phenol as the antifungal, antioxidant bioactive purified from a newly isolated Lactococcus sp.Internal Journal of Food Microbiology. 211 (1): 44-50
Viswanathan MBG., Shobi TM., 2018. Antibacterial activity of di-butyl phthalate isolated from Begonia malabarica. Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering. 5(2):97–100.
Wibowo JT., Murniasih T., Putra MY., Aini AN., Suwasono RT., Untari F., 2017. Biological Activities of Bacillus sp. from Deep Sea Sediment of Makassar Strait. Advanced Science Letters. 23(7):6438-6440 doi: https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.9646,
Yopi Y.; Djohan AC.; Rahmani N., 2017. Isolation and characterization of mannanase, xylanase, and cellulase from marine bacteria Bacillus sp. Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 15(1):15-20. https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f150103.
Zhang YJ., Xu LL., Zhang S., Liu XZ., An ZQ., Wang M., and Guo YL., 2009 Genetic diversity of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a medicinal fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for its evolution and conservation. BMC Evol Biol 9, 290.
Published
2022-09-28
How to Cite
Murniasih, T. M., P , M. Y., & Untari , F. (2022). Antibacterial Activity and GC–MS Based Metabolite Profiles of Indonesian Marine Bacillus. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 33(3), 475-483. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3504
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Section
Research Article
