The Pharmacognostic Standards, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities, and Hepatic Safety Profile of An Indonesian Antidiabetic Polyherbal Formulation
Keywords:
Science-based jamu development, Polyherbal formulation, Antioxidant, Pharmacognostic specification, Hepatotoxic effect
Abstract
The excessive oxidative processes and the lack of cellular antioxidative mechanisms are significantly observed in diabetes. In addition, long-term medication required for the treatment might harm the hepatic tissues. This study evaluated the selected pharmacognostic characters, antioxidant activities, total phenolic content, and the hepatic safety of a polyherbal formulation containing seven plant constituents used by Klinik Wisata Kesehatan Jamu Kalibakung, Tegal, Indonesia, to treat diabetes patients. The pharmacognostic properties of the formulation were characterized according to the WHO quality control methods for herbal materials. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH RSA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total phenolic content (TPC) were evaluated as per the standard method. The effect of formulation on the hepatic HepG2 cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. The pharmacognostic properties of the formulation specified as follow: foreign matters (1.32±0.05%), loss on drying (11.50±0.07%), total ash (5.68±0.07%), acid-insoluble ash (0.94±0.04%), water-soluble extractable (18.22±0.60%), and ethanol-soluble extractable (16.90±0.77%). The ethanol extract showed a superior DPPH RSA (960.70±2.58 mM Trolox equivalent (TE)/ g dry weight (DW)), FRAP (1112.69±8.39 mM TE/g DW), and TPC (1768.40±32.40 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW) over its water counterpart. However, the water extract was safer for HepG2 cells than the ethanol one, with the IC50 values of 218.25±14.03 and 40.24±3.53 µg/ml, respectively. This study set the pharmacognostic standards for an antidiabetic polyherbal formulation with excellent antioxidant activities, in which its traditional use as a decoction was safe for the hepatic cells.
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Habibie, H., Heryanto, R., Rafi, M., & Darusman, L. K. (2017). Development of quality control method for glucofarmaka antidiabetic jamu by HPLC fingerprint analysis. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 17(1), 79–85. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.23616
Hartanti, L., Yonas, S. M. K., Mustamu, J. J., Wijaya, S., Setiawan, H. K., & Soegianto, L. (2019). Influence of extraction methods of bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on antioxidant and HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitory activity. Heliyon, 5(4), article ID e01485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01485
Houghton, P. (2009). Synergy and polyvalence: Paradigms to explain the activity of herbal products. In P. K. Mukherjee & P. J. Houghton (Eds.), Evaluation of herbal medicinal products: Perspectives on quality, safety and efficacy (1st ed., pp. 85–94). Pharmaceutical Press.
Indonesian MoH. (2017). Farmakope Herbal Indonesia 2017 (2nd ed.). Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia.
Indonesian MoH. (2018). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Basic Health Research). http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/info-terkini/hasil-riskesdas-2018.pdf
Ismail, A., Rahim, E. N. A. A., Omar, M. N., & Ahmad, W. A. N. W. (2020). Antihypertensive assay-guided fractionation of Syzygium polyanthum leaves and phenolics profile analysis using LCQTOF/MS. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(6), 1670–1692.
Ismail, H. F., Hashim, Z., Soon, W. T., Rahman, N. S. A., Zainudin, A. N., & Majid, F. A. A. (2017). Comparative study of herbal plants on the phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and toxicity on cells and zebrafish embryo. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 7(4), 452–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.12.006
Júnior, R. F. de A., Souza, T. P. de, Pires, J. G. L., Soares, L. A. L., Araújo, A. A. de, Petrovick, P. R., Mâcedo, H. D. O., Oliveir, A. L. C. de S. L., & Guerra, G. C. B. (2012). A dry extract of Phyllanthus niruri protects normal cells and induces apoptosis in human liver carcinoma cells. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 237(11), 1281–1288. https://doi.org/10.1258/ebm.2012.012130
Ligita, T., Wicking, K., Francis, K., Harvey, N., & Nurjannah, I. (2019). How people living with diabetes in Indonesia learn about their disease: A grounded theory study. PLOS ONE, 14(2), e0212019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212019
Lin, N.-H., Yang, H.-W., Su, Y.-J., & Chang, C.-W. (2019). Herb induced liver injury after using herbal medicine: A systemic review and case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore), 98(13), article ID e14992. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014992
Mukhi, S., Bose, A., Panda, P., & Rao, M. M. (2016). Pharmacognostic, physicochemical and chromatographic characterization of Samasharkara Churna. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 7, 88–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2015.11.004
Navarro, M., Moreira, I., Arnaez, E., Quesada, S., Azofeifa, G., Alvarado, D., & Monagas, M. J. (2017). Proanthocyanidin characterization, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of three plants commonly used in traditional medicine in Costa Rica: Petiveria alliaceae L., Phyllanthus niruri L. and Senna reticulata Willd. Plants (Basel), 6(4), article ID 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants6040050
Patonay, K., Szalontai, H., Csugány, J., Szabó-Hudák, O., Kónya, E. P., & Németh, É. Z. (2019). Comparison of extraction methods for the assessment of total polyphenol content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of horsemint (Mentha longifolia (L.) L.). Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 15, article ID 100220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2019.100220
Pisoschi, A. M., Pop, A., Cimpeanu, C., & Predoi, G. (2016). Antioxidant capacity determination in plants and plant-derived products: A review. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016, article ID 9130976. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9130976
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Published
2022-12-20
How to Cite
Hartanti, D., Chatsumpun, N., Sa-ngiamsuntorn, K., Supharattanasitthi, W., Kitphati, W., & Peungvicha, P. (2022). The Pharmacognostic Standards, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities, and Hepatic Safety Profile of An Indonesian Antidiabetic Polyherbal Formulation. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 34(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3243
Issue
Section
Research Article
