Antioxidant and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Purple Sweet Potato Leaf Extract (Ipomoea batatas L.) and Red Yeast Rice Combination In Hypercholesterol Rats
Keywords:
Antioxidant, Antihyperlipidemic, Sweet Potato Leaf, Red Yeast Rice.
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a condition of lipid such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood are high, which is the cause of other diseases. This condition also causes an increase in free radicals resulting in oxidative stress. Purple sweet potato leaves and red yeast rice have been reported to have antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity in several studies. This study aimed to examine the effect of the combination of purple sweet potato leaves extract and red yeast rice on cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as MDA levels and GPx activity on rats induced by a high-fat diet. Experimental animals were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 mice each: group 1 being the normal group; group 2 positive control; group 3 negative control; group 4 purple sweet potato leaf extract 400 mg/kg BW; group 5 red yeast rice 40 mg/kg BW; group 6 combination of purple sweet potato leaf extract 360 mg/kg BW and red yeast rice 40 mg/kg BW. Rats were treated with high-fat feed for 28 days, on day 15-28 were given oral preparations. At the end of the study, all rats were blood drawn to measure cholesterol and triglyceride levels, then rats were sacrificed and the liver was taken to measure MDA and glutathione peroxidase levels. The administration of purple sweet potato leaf extract, red yeast rice, and their combination significantly (p<0,05) reduced cholesterol, triglyceride, and MDA levels, and increased GPx activity, with the best effect in the combination group. This finding showed that the combination of purple sweet potato leaf extract and red yeast rice had antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity in hypercholesterol rats.
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Moskaug, J. O., Carlsen, H., Myhrstad, M. C. W., & Blomhoff, R. (2005). Polyphenols and glutathione synthesis regulation. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81(1 Suppl), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/81.1.277s
Murray, R. ., Granner, & Rodwell. (2009). Biokimia Harper (Brahm U. Pendit, et all, penerjemah). (Ed ke-27). Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
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Safira, T. I. (2021). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L) Terhadap Aktivitas Glutation Peroksida (GPx) dan Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) Pada Tikus Yang Diberi Diet Lemak Tinggi. Thesis, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.
Shamim, S., Al Badarin, F. J., DiNicolantonio, J. J., Lavie, C. J., & O’Keefe, J. H. (2013). Red yeast rice for dysipidemia. Missouri Medicine, 110(4), 349–354.
Shi, Y. C., & Pan, T. M. (2011). Beneficial effects of Monascus purpureus NTU 568-fermented products: A review. In Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3202-x
Singh, U. N., Kumar, S., & Dhakal, S. (2017). Study of Oxidative Stress in Hypercholesterolemia. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research, 4(5), 1204–1207.
Sumardika, I., & Jawi, I. (2012). Water Extract of Sweet Potato Leaf Improved Lipid Profile and Blood SOD Content of Rats With High Cholesterol Diet. Medicina, 43(2). https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/medicina/article/view/5053
Zhao, J. G., Yan, Q. Q., Lu, L. Z., & Zhang, Y. Q. (2013). In vivo antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-tumor activities of anthocyanin extracts from purple sweet potato. Nutrition Research and Practice, 7(5), 359–365. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2013.7.5.359
Bunnoy, A., Saenphet, K., Lumyong, S., Saenphet, S., & Chomdej, S. (2015). Monascus purpureus-fermented Thai glutinous rice reduces blood and hepatic cholesterol and hepatic steatosis concentrations in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0624-5
Chariote, E., Chairote, G., & Lumyong. (2009). Red yeast rice prepared from Thai glutinous rice and the antioxidant activities. Chiang Mai J Sci, 39(1), 42–49.
Durrington, P. (2003). Dyslipidaemia. Lancet (London, England), 362(9385), 717–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14234-1
Elias, A. (2014). The Effect of psidium guajava leaf Extract on Blood Pressure in Guinea Pigs, and Weight, Lipid Profiles and Serum Liver Enzymes in Fructose Fed Swiss Albino Mice [Thesis, Addis Ababa University]. http://localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/2108
Fajaryanti, N., Nurrochmad, A., & Fakhrudin, N. (2016). Evaluation of antihyperlipidemic activity and total flavonoid content of Artocarpus altilis leaves extracts. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 8(5), 461–465.
Francenia Santos-Sánchez, N., Salas-Coronado, R., Villanueva-Cañongo, C., & Hernández-Carlos, B. (2019). Antioxidant Compounds and Their Antioxidant Mechanism. Antioxidants, 1–28. https://10.0.22.140/intechopen.85270
Furi, P. R., & Wahyuni, A. S. (2011). Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Jamur Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) Terhadap Kadar HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) Pada Tikus Dislipidemia. Pharmacon, 12(1), 1–8.
Gordon, R. Y., & Becker, D. J. (2011). The role of red yeast rice for the physician. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 13(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-010-0145-0
Gupta, A., Sehgal, V., & Mehan, S. (2011). HYPERLIPIDEMIA: An Updated Review. International Journal of Biopharmaceutical & Toxicological Research, 1(1), 81–89. https://www.ijbtronline.com
Hassan, S., El-Twab, S. A., Hetta, M., & Mahmoud, B. (2011). Improvement of lipid profile and antioxidant of hypercholesterolemic albino rats by polysaccharides extracted from the green alga Ulva lactuca Linnaeus. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 18(4), 333–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.01.005
Kasim, E., Triana, E., Yulinery, T., & Nurhidayat, N. (2012). Pengaruh angkak hasil fermentasi beras oleh Monascus purpureus JMBa terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan Galur Sprague Dawley. Berita Biologi, 11(2), 177–185.
Lairin Djala, F., Lyrawati, D., & Soeharto, S. (2016). Ekstrak Daging Putih Semangka (Citrulus vulgaris) Menurunkan Kolesterol Total dan Aktivitas Hidroksi-Metilglutaril-KoA Reduktase Tikus Hiperkolesterolemia. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2016.029.02.2
Lassoued, I., Trigui, M., Ghlissi, Z., Nasri, R., Jamoussi, K., Kessis, M., Sahnoun, Z., Rebai, T., Boualga, A., Lamri-Senhadji, M., Nasri, M., & Barkia, A. (2014). Evaluation of hypocholesterolemic effect and antioxidant activity of Boops boops proteins in cholesterol-fed rats. Food and Function, 5(6), 1224–1231. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3fo60705d
Lestiani, L., Chandra, D. N., Laitinen, K., Ambarwati, F. Di., Kuusisto, P., & Lukito, W. (2018). Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial Demonstrating Serum Cholesterol Lowering Efficacy of a Smoothie Drink with Added Plant Stanol Esters in an Indonesian Population. Cholesterol, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4857473
Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A., & Chandra, N. (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. In Pharmacognosy Reviews. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.70902
Mahfudh, N., Sulistyani, N., Syakbani, M., & Dewi, A. C. (2021). The antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effect of Ipomoea batatas L. leaves extract in high-fat diets rats. International Journal of Public Health Science, 10(3), 558–564. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v10i3.20777
Mohanraj, R., & Sivasankar, S. (2014). Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) - A valuable medicinal food: A review. Journal of Medicinal Food, 17(7), 733–741. https://10.0.4.65/jmf.2013.2818
Moskaug, J. O., Carlsen, H., Myhrstad, M. C. W., & Blomhoff, R. (2005). Polyphenols and glutathione synthesis regulation. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81(1 Suppl), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/81.1.277s
Murray, R. ., Granner, & Rodwell. (2009). Biokimia Harper (Brahm U. Pendit, et all, penerjemah). (Ed ke-27). Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
Reis, J. F., Monteiro, V. V. S., Souza Gomes, R., Carmo, M. M., Costa, G. V., Ribera, P. C., & Monteiro, M. C. (2016). Action mechanism and cardiovascular effect of anthocyanins: A systematic review of animal and human studies. In Journal of Translational Medicine (p. 315). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-016-1076-5
Safira, T. I. (2021). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L) Terhadap Aktivitas Glutation Peroksida (GPx) dan Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) Pada Tikus Yang Diberi Diet Lemak Tinggi. Thesis, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.
Shamim, S., Al Badarin, F. J., DiNicolantonio, J. J., Lavie, C. J., & O’Keefe, J. H. (2013). Red yeast rice for dysipidemia. Missouri Medicine, 110(4), 349–354.
Shi, Y. C., & Pan, T. M. (2011). Beneficial effects of Monascus purpureus NTU 568-fermented products: A review. In Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3202-x
Singh, U. N., Kumar, S., & Dhakal, S. (2017). Study of Oxidative Stress in Hypercholesterolemia. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research, 4(5), 1204–1207.
Sumardika, I., & Jawi, I. (2012). Water Extract of Sweet Potato Leaf Improved Lipid Profile and Blood SOD Content of Rats With High Cholesterol Diet. Medicina, 43(2). https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/medicina/article/view/5053
Zhao, J. G., Yan, Q. Q., Lu, L. Z., & Zhang, Y. Q. (2013). In vivo antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-tumor activities of anthocyanin extracts from purple sweet potato. Nutrition Research and Practice, 7(5), 359–365. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2013.7.5.359
Published
2022-02-08
How to Cite
Mahfudh, N., Mantali, M. F., & Sulistyani, N. (2022). Antioxidant and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Purple Sweet Potato Leaf Extract (Ipomoea batatas L.) and Red Yeast Rice Combination In Hypercholesterol Rats. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 33(1), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.2115
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Section
Research Article
