Perspective of Justice among Advocates of Rape Victims

https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.69451

Mutia Husna Avezahra(1*), Koentjoro Koentjoro(2)

(1) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Rape cases involve various factors and perspectives. This study explored factors in constructing the perspective of justice among advocates of rape victims in Malang, East Java. This study adopted the qualitative phenomenology approach with semi-structured in-depth interview for data collection, and thematic analysis as the data analysis technique. The participants of this study were six advocates from two different women support groups and two experts, one was a Law lecturer and an investigator in the Woman and Children Service Unit (Unit Pelayanan Perempuan dan Anak) (UPPA) at Malang Police Department. The result revealed that justice perspectives of advocates were mainly rooted in the feminist concept at their ideological level; and therefore, the perceived meaning of justice tend to be idealistic and participants were rather dissatisfied with the existing legal system. Participants further expressed their self-interest to advocate based on the shared gender identity as women with the rape victims. As such, findings of this study might inform the evaluation of prevailing procedure and the substances of law enforcement leading to accommodating the needs of rape victims.

Keywords


rape cases; procedural justice; victim advocates; justice perspective

Full Text:

PDF


References

Allen, W. D. (2007). The Reporting and Underreporting of Rape. Southern Economic Journal, 73(3), 623–641. https://doi.org/10.2307/20111915

Baillot, H., Cowan, S., & Munro, V. E. (2009). Seen but Not Heard? Parallels and Dissonances in the Treatment of Rape Narratives across the Asylum and Criminal Justice Contexts. Journal of Law and Society, 36(2), 195–219. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40206887

Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006) 'Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology'. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2), 77-101

Campbell, B. A., Menaker, T. A., & King, W. R. (2015). The determination of victim credibility by adult and juvenile sexual assault investigators. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(1), 29-39. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2014.12.001

Faturochman. (2002). Keadilan Perspektif Psikologi [Justice in Psychological Perspective]. Yogyakarta: Unit Penerbitan Fakultas Psikologi UGM dengan Pustaka Pelajar

Festinger (1954). L. A Theory of Social Comparison Processes. Human Relations. 1954;7(2):117-140. doi:10.1177/001872675400700202

Gaines, D. C., & Wells, W. (2017). Investigators’ and prosecutors’ perceptions of collaborating with victim advocates on sexual assault casework. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 28(6), 555-569. doi:10.1177/0887403415592176

Hlavka, H. R. (2014). Normalizing Sexual Violence: Young Women Account for Harassment and Abuse. Gender and Society, 28(3), 337–358. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43669888

Jamel, J. (2010). Researching the Provision of Service to Rape Victims by Specially Trained Police Officers: The Influence of Gender–An Exploratory Study. New Criminal Law Review: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal, 13(4), 688–709. https://doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2010.13.4.688

Jones, J. S., Alexander, C., Wynn, B. N., Rossman, L., & Dunnuck, C. (2009). Why women don't report sexual assault to the police: the influence of psychosocial variables and traumatic injury. The Journal of emergency medicine, 36(4), 417–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.10.077

Jordan, J. (2004). Beyond belief?: Police, rape and women's credibility. Criminal Justice: International Journal of Policy & Practice, 4(1), 29-59. doi:10.1177/1466802504042222

Koentjoro. (2010). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif untuk Ilmu-ilmu Sosial [Qualitative Research Method for Social Sciences].

Jakarta: Salemba Humanika

Komnas Perempuan. (2020, 1 Juli). Pernyataan Sikap Tentang Penundaan DPR RI pada Pembahasan RUU tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual dalam Prolegnas 2020 (1 Juli 2020) [Statement of Attitude Regarding the Postponement of the Indonesian House of Representatives in the Discussion of Sexual Violence Elimination Bill in the 2020 Prolegnas (July 1, 2020]. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/pernyataan-sikap-detail/pernyataan-sikap-tentang-penundaan-dpr-ri-pada-pembahasan-ruu-tentang-penghapusan-kekerasan-seksual-dalam-prolegnas-2020-1-juli-2020

Komnas Perempuan. (2021, 5 Maret). Lembar Fakta dan Poin Kunci Catatan Tahunan Komnas Perempuan Tahun 2020. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/siaran-pers-detail/catahu-2020-komnas-perempuan-lembar-fakta-dan-poin-kunci-5-maret-2021

Komnas Perempuan. (2019, 6 Maret). Lembar Fakta dan Poin Kunci Catatan Tahunan Komnas Perempuan Tahun 2019 [Fact Sheet and Key Points of the 2019 Komnas Perempuan Annual Note]. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/catatan-tahunan-detail/lembar-fakta-dan-poin-kunci-catatan-tahunan-komnas-perempuan-tahun-2019

Komnas Perempuan. (2018, 7 Maret). Lembar Fakta dan Poin Kunci Catatan Tahunan Komnas Perempuan Tahun 2018 [Fact Sheet and Key Points of the 2018 Komnas Perempuan Annual Note]. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/catatan-tahunan-detail/lembar-fakta-dan-poin-kunci-catatan-tahunan-catahu-komnas-perempuan-tahun-2018

Komnas Perempuan. (2017, 7 Maret). Lembar Fakta dan Poin Kunci Catatan Tahunan Komnas Perempuan Tahun 2017 [Fact Sheet and Key Points of the 2017 Komnas Perempuan Annual Note]. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/catatan-tahunan-detail/lembar-fakta-catatan-tahunan-catahu-komnas-perempuan-tahun-2017-labirin-kekerasan-terhadap-perempuan-dari-gang-rape-hingga-femicide-alarm-bagi-negara-untuk-bertindak-tepat

Korstjens, I & Moser, Albine (2018) Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: Trustworthiness and publishing, European Journal of General Practice, 24:1,120-124, DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2017.1375092

Kumari, V., & Barn, R. (2017). Sentencing In Rape Cases: A Critical Appraisal Of Judicial Decisions In India. Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 59(1), 1–25. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26826588

La Kahija, YF. (2017). Penelitian Fenomenologis : Jalan memahami pengalaman hidup [A Phenomenological Research: Way to Understand Life Experiences]. Yogyakarta : Kanisius.

Lind, E. & Tyler, Tom. (1988). The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice. 10.2307/2073346.

McGlynn, C. (2011). Feminism, Rape and the Search for Justice. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 31(4), 825–842. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41418844

Montada L., Maes J. (2016) Justice and Self-Interest. In: Sabbagh C., Schmitt M. (eds) Handbook of Social Justice Theory and Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3216-0_6

Nirmalasari, A., & Sarwono, B. (2021). Symbolic Violence Manifestation Behind Victim Blaming Practices. Proceedings Of The Asia-Pacific Research In Social Sciences And Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019). doi: 10.2991/assehr.k.210531.004

Patterson, D., & Tringali, B. (2015). Understanding how advocates can affect sexual assault victim engagement in the criminal justice process. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(12), 1987-1997. doi:10.1177/0886260514552273

Payne, B. K., & Thompson, R. A. (2008). Sexual assault crisis centre workers' perceptions of law enforcement: Defining the situation from a systems perspective. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 10(1), 23-35. doi:10.1350/ijps.2008.10.1.23

Pratasis, S. O. (2014). Implementasi teori keadilan komutatif terhadap pelaku pemerkosaan menurut pasal 285 KUHP [The Implementation of Commutative Justice Theory Towards Rapist According to Article 285 KUHP]. Lex Et Societatis, Retrieved from https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=ejournunsrat::820fbe197acfcca8e4322ee1f9a9c055

Regehr, C., & Alaggia, R. (2006). Perspectives of justice for victims of sexual violence. Victims & Offenders, 1(1), 33-46. doi:10.1080/15564880500498721

Scoglio, A. A. J., Marine, S. B., & Molnar, B. E. (2020). Responder perspectives on justice and healing for sexual violence survivors. Psychology of Violence, doi:10.1037/vio0000344

Syafioedin, M. H., & Faturochman. (2001). Hukuman bagi pemerkosa & perlindungan bagi korban [Punishment for Rapists & Protection for Victims]. In M. Darwin, & Tukiran (Eds.), Menggugat budaya patriarki [Accusing Patriarchal Culture] (pp. 103-132). Yogyakarta: PPK UGM & Ford Foundation.

Thibaut, I., & Walker, L. (1978). A theory of procedure. California Law Review, 66, 541- 566

Poerwandari, E. K., Utami, C. P., & Primasari, I. (2021). Ambivalent sexism and sexual objectification of women as predictors of rape myth acceptance among male college students in Greater Jakarta. Current Psychology, 40(12), 5909-5918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00500-w

Tyler, T. R. (1988). What is Procedural Justice?: Criteria used by Citizens to Assess the Fairness of Legal Procedures. Law & Society Review, 22(1), 103–135. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053563

Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational model of authority in groups. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 25, pp. 115–191). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60283-X

Wood, J. V. (1996). What is social comparison and how should we study it? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(5), 520–5

Yi, Beh Lih. (2016, July 25). Over 90 percent rape cases go unreported in Indonesia: poll. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-crime-women-idUSKCN1051SC

Yusuf, I. (2018, November 25). Victim-blaming culture holds back #MeToo in Indonesia. The Conversation. available from (http://theconversation.com/victim-blaming-culture-holds-back-metoo-in- indonesia-106671)



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.69451

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3244 | views : 2952

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Psikologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Published by Faculty of Psychology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Building D 6th Floor No. D-606. Jl. Sosio Humaniora No. 1, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, 55281
Email: jurnalpsikologi@ugm.ac.id
Phone/whatsApp: +6289527548628

Web Analytics Made Easy - StatCounter View My Stats