Email this article 
The Role of Self-Esteem and Perceived Parental Mediation in Cyberbullying
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.39034 Annisa Reginasari(1*), Tina Afiatin(2), Hanif Akhtar(3)
(1) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
When access to information on the internet is expected to support the growth to adulthood, cyberbullying is instead becoming a threat to adolescents' psychological well-being. Parental mediation and self-esteem are considered as protective factors to youngsters from online risk. The present study examines whether self-esteem mediates the relationship between perceived parental mediation and cyberbullying. The study participants were 351 senior high school social students in Yogyakarta who are media and internet users. The data were collected using the Cyberbullying Scale (Cronbach’ α = 0.784), Self-Esteem Scale (Cronbach’ α = 0.766), and Perceived Parental Mediation Scale (Cronbach’ α = 0.656). Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that the proposed model was reached the goodness-of-fit ( = 53.711; df = 18; p = 0.001; RMSEA = 0.075; GFI= 0.964; CFI= 0.923). This study concluded that self-esteem partially mediated parental mediation and cyberbullying, with an indirect effect = -0.047 (p = 0.024; p<0.05). Self-esteem as the cognitive-personality factor and optimal parental mediation as environmental factors were considered to prevent adolescent cyberbullying. Therefore, we would recommend practitioners of educational, social, and clinical psychology to take the opportunity to involve self-esteem and parental mediation factors in intervention program design.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Afiatin, T. (2014). Management of family and marriage quality to create a quality young generation (Pengelolaan mutu keluarga dan perkawinan untuk mewujudkan generasi muda yang berkualitas). Ketahanan Keluarga Sebagai Aset Bangsa. https://acadstaff.ugm.ac.id/karya_files/pengelolaan-mutu-keluarga-dan-perkawinan-untuk-mewujudkan-generasi-muda-yang-berkualitas--3c311e9b0bd7ff9aa79b99daca124a49/8d9c68b4-f6f8-11e9-9724-e4434b0aade8
Afiatin, T. (2018). Psychology of marriage and family: Strengthening the family in the digital era based on local wisdom (Psikologi perkawinan dan keluarga: Penguatan keluarga di era digital berbasis kearifan lokal). Kanisius. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=1137620
Afiatin, T., & Akhtar, H. (2018). Self-esteem as a mediator of the relationship between work-family balance and happiness among working mother. The Social Sciences, 13(8), 1341–1348. https://medwelljournals.com/abstract/?doi=sscience.2018.1341.1348
Atik, G., & Güneri, O. Y. (2013). Bullying and victimization: Predictive role of individual, parental, and academic factors. School Psychology International, 34(6), 658–673. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034313479699
Azwar, S. (2016). Cognitive ability test construction (Konstruksi tes kemampuan kognitif). Pustaka Pelajar. https://pustakapelajar.co.id/buku/konstruksi-tes-kemampuan-kognitif/
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1985-98423-000
Bashooir, K., & Supahar. (2018). The validity and reliability of the STEM-based science literacy performance assessment instrument for Physics learning (Validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen asesmen kinerja literasi sains pelajaran Fisika berbasis STEM). Jurnal Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 22(2), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.21831/pep.v22i2.20270
Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103(1), 5–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.5
Bayraktar, F., Machackova, H., Dedkova, L., Cerna, A., & Ševčíková, A. (2015). Cyberbullying: The Discriminant Factors Among Cyberbullies, Cybervictims, and Cyberbully-Victims in a Czech Adolescent Sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(18), 3192–3216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514555006
Berne, S., Frisén, A., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Scheithauer, H., Naruskov, K., Luik, P., Katzer, C., Erentaite, R., & Zukauskiene, R. (2013). Cyberbullying assessment instruments: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18, 320–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.022
Chang, F. C., Chiu, C. H., Miao, N. F., Chen, P. H., Lee, C. M., Chiang, J. T., & Pan, Y. C. (2015). The relationship between parental mediation and Internet addiction among adolescents, and the association with cyberbullying and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 57, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.013
Chen, L., Ho, S. S., & Lwin, M. O. (2017). A meta-analysis of factors predicting cyberbullying perpetration and victimization: From the social cognitive and media effects approach. New Media & Society, 19(8), 1194–1213. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816634037
Crocker, J., Lee, S. J., & Park, L. E. (2004). The pursuit of self-esteem: Implication for good and evil. In A. G. Miller (Ed.), The social psychology of good and evil (pp. 271–301). Guilford Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2004-16379-011
DeHart, T., Pena, R., & Tennen, H. (2013). The development of explicit and implicit self-esteem and their role in psychological adjustment. In V. Zeigler-Hill (Ed.), Current issues in social psychology: Self-esteem (pp. 99–123). Taylor & Francis. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-15325-006
Department of Sociology University of Maryland. (2019). Self-Esteem: What Is It? Department of Sociology University of Maryland. https://socy.umd.edu/about-us/rosenberg-self-esteem-scale
Fanti, K. A., & Henrich, C. C. (2015). Effects of self-esteem and narcissism on bullying and victimization during early adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 35(1), 5–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431613519498
Fauzia, F. (2018). Cyberbullying behaviors and impact to adolescence in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Review Public Affairs and Policy, 3(4), 49–58. https://arpap.kku.ac.th/index.php/arpap/article/view/132/63
Gámez-Guadix, M., Orue, I., Smith, P. K., & Calvete, E. (2013). Longitudinal and reciprocal relations of cyberbullying with depression, substance use, and problematic internet use among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(4), 446–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.030
Gómez-Ortiz, O., Romera, E. M., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2016). Parenting styles and bullying: The mediating role of parental psychological aggression and physical punishment. Child Abuse and Neglect, 51, 132–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.025
Gui, M., & Argentin, G. (2011). Digital skills of internet natives: Different forms of digital literacy in a random sample of northern Italian high school students. New Media and Society, 13(6), 963–980. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810389751
Hesari, N. K. Z., & Hejazi, E. (2011). The mediating role of self esteem in the relationship between the authoritative parenting style and aggression. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1724–1730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.333
Hox, J. J., & Bechger, T. M. (1998). An introduction to Structural Equation Modeling. Family Science Review, 11, 354–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903008345
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Hunter, S. B., Barber, B. K., & Stolz, H. E. (2015). Extending knowledge of parents’ role in adolescent development: The mediating effect of self-esteem. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(8), 2474–2484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0050-1
Jordan, C. H., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2013). Fragile self-esteem: The perils and pitfalls of (some) high self-esteem. In Current issues in social psychology: Self-esteem (pp. 80–98). Psychology Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-15325-005
Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1777–1791. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2005.10.005
Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2008). Parental mediation of children’s internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(4), 581–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150802437396
Livingstone, S., Mascheroni, G., & Staksrud, E. (2018). European research on children’s internet use: Assessing the past and anticipating the future. New Media and Society, 20(3), 1103–1122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816685930
Matsunaga, M. (2008). Item parceling in Structural Equation Modeling: A primer. In Communication Methods and Measures (Vol. 2, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1080/19312450802458935
Mishna, F., Khoury-Kassabri, M., Schwan, K., Wiener, J., Craig, W., Beran, T., Pepler, D., & Daciuk, J. (2016). The contribution of social support to children and adolescents’ self-perception: The mediating role of bullying victimization. Children and Youth Services Review, 63, 120–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.02.013
Moulder, B. C., & Algina, J. (2002). Comparison of methods for estimating and testing latent variable interactions. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0901_1
Nasrullah, R. (2015). Perundungan siber (cyber-bullying) di status Facebook divisi Humas mabes POLRI. Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 14(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5614/sostek.itbj.2015.14.1.1
Nathanson, A. I. (1999). Identifying and explaining the relationship between parental mediation and children’s aggression. Communication Research, 26(2), 124–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365099026002002
Nathanson, A. I. (2001). Parent and child perspectives on the presence and meaning of parental television mediation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 45(2), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4502
Navarro, J. N., & Jasinski, J. L. (2013). Why girls? Using routine Activities Theory to predict cyberbullying experiences between girls and boys. Women and Criminal Justice, 23(4), 286–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2013.784225
Nikken, P., & Jansz, J. (2014). Developing scales to measure parental mediation of young children’s internet use. Learning, Media and Technology, 39(2), 250–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2013.782038
Nocentini, A., Calmaestra, J., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Scheithauer, H., Ortega, R., & Menesini, E. (2010). Cyberbullying: Labels, behaviours and definition in three European countries. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 20(2), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.20.2.129
Olson, D. H., DeFrain, J., & Skogrand, L. (2014). Marriages & families: Intimacy, diversity, and strengths (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Park, E., & Kwon, M. (2018). Health-related internet use by children and adolescents: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7731
Park, L. E., & Crocker, J. (2013). Implication for self-regulation and relationships. In Z.-H. Virgil (Ed.), Current issues in social psychology: Self-esteem (pp. 43–59). Psychology Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-15325-003
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: A preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4(2), 148–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204006286288
Reginasari, A. (2017). The role of self-esteem on the relationship between perceptions of parental mediation and cyber-bullying (Peran harga diri pada hubungan antara persepsi mediasi orang tua dan perundungan-siber). [Master’s thesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. ETD UGM Repository.
Roberto, A. J., Eden, J., Savage, M. W., Ramos-Salazar, L., & Deiss, D. M. (2014). Prevalence and predictors of cyberbullying perpetration by high school seniors. Communication Quarterly, 62(1), 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2013.860906
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., Schoenbach, C., & Rosenberg, F. (1995). Global self-esteem and specific self-esteem: Different concepts, different outcomes. American Sociological Review, 60(1), 141–156. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2096350
Ruiz, R. M. N. M. (2019). Curbing cyberbullying among students: A comparative analysis of existing laws among selected Asean countries. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 1285–1305. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.43.12851305
Safaria, T. (2016). Prevalence and impact of cyberbullying in a sample of indonesian junior high school students. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 15(1), 82–91. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1785479064?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
Santhoso, F. H. (2019). The mediating role of parents and anonymity on students’ cyberbullying tendencies (Peran mediasi orang tua dan anonimitas terhadap kecenderungan cyberbullying Siswa). Jurnal Psikologi, 46(3), 261–272. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.44126
Sasson, H., & Mesch, G. (2014). Parental mediation, peer norms, and risky online behavior among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.12.025
Shapka, J. D., & Law, D. M. (2013). Does one size fit all? Ethnic differences in parenting behaviors and motivations for adolescent engagement in cyberbullying. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 723–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9928-2
Smith, B. W., Dempsey, A. G., Jackson, S. E., Olenchak, F. R., & Gaa, J. (2012). Cyberbullying among gifted children. Gifted Education International, 28(1), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261429411427652
Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1089/1094931041291295
Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014
UNICEF. (2019). UNICEF poll: More than a third of young people in 30 countries report being a victim of online bullying. Press Release. https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-poll-more-third-young-people-30-countries-report-being-victim-online-bullying
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.39034
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 7239
| 
views : 6272
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Psikologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Recent Issues
 | | | | ||||
| Vol 51 Issue 1 (2024) Page 1-119 | Vol 50 Issue 3 (2023) Page 219-332 | Vol 50 Issue 2 (2023) Page 125-218 | Vol 50 Issue 1 (2023) Page 1-124 |
| Published by Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Building D-6th, Floor No. D-606. Jl. Sosio Humaniora No. 1, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, 55281 Email: jurnalpsikologi@ugm.ac.id Phone/whatsApp: +6281125210175 |
