Email this article 
Literasi Kesehatan Mental dan Sikap Komunitas sebagai Prediktor Pencarian Pertolongan Formal
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.22988 Anita Novianty(1*), M. Noor Rochman Hadjam(2)
(1) Unviversitas Kristen Krida Wacana
(2) Fakultas Psikologi UGM
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Abstract. Mental illness had contributed 23% of global mental health burden. The high number of mental illness prevalence had impact on social and economic burden, yet only 10% was treated by professional treatment. This study aimed to find out the significance of mental health literacy and community attitude toward mental illness toward formal help seeking. The hypothesis was mental health literacy and community attitude toward mental illness predicted formal help-seeking. The method was quantitative approach, in which data were collected by paper-pen survey. Total respondent was 168 people living in urban area. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The result showed mental health literacy and community attitude toward mental illness significantly predicted the formal help seeking simultaneously (F=3,466; p<0,05). This study implied that people who well literate in mental health issues and having positive community attitude in their environment can affect their help seeking to professional treatment.
Abstrak. Gangguan mental berkontribusi sebesar 23% terhadap beban kesehatan mental dunia. Tingginya angka prevalensi gangguan mental berdampak pada beban sosial dan ekonomi, namun hanya 10% yang menerima penanganan profesional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan signifikansi literasi kesehatan mental dan sikap komunitas terhadap gangguan mental terhadap pencarian pertolongan formal. Hipotesisnya adalah literasi kesehatan mental dan sikap komunitas terhadap gangguan mental memprediksi pencarian pertolongan formal. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan survei kertas-pulpen. Jumlah responcen 168 orang yang tinggal di area perkotaan. Analisis regresi ganda digunakan untuk analisa data. Hasil menunjukkan literasi kesehatan mental dan sikap komunitas terhadap gangguan mental secara bersama-sama signifikan memprediksi pencarian pertolongan formal (F=3,466; p<0,05). Implikasi dari penelitian ini bahwa orang yang memiliki literasi kesehatan mental yang tinggi dan sikap komunitas yang positif memengaruhi pencarian pertolongan ke penanganan profesional.
Kata kunci: literasi kesehatan mental, pencarian pertolongan formal, sikap komunitas
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. England: Open University Press.
Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, personality, and behavior (2nd Ed.). England: Open University Press
McGraw-Hill. Altweck, L., Marshall, T. C., Ferenczi, N., & Lefringhausen, K. (2015). Mental health literacy: A cross-cultural approach to knowledge and beliefs about depression, schizophrenia and generalized anxiety disorder. Frontier Psychology, 6, 1-12.
Andersen, R. M. (1995). Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: Does it matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 1-10.
Andersen, R., & Newman, J. F. (2005). Societal and individual determinants of medical care utilization in the United States. The Milbank Quarterly, 83(4), 128.
Anderson, L. M. C., Schierenbeck, I., Strumpher, J., Krantz, G., Topper, K., Backman, G., Ricks, E., &
Rooyen, D. (2013). Help-seeking, barriers to care and experiences of care among persons with depression in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151, 439-448.
Ayazi, T., Lien, L., Eide, A., Shadar, E. J. S., & Hauff, E. (2014). Community attitudes and social distance towards the mentally ill in South Sudan: A survey from a post-conflict setting with no mental health services. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatry Epidemiology, 49, 771-780.
Bordens, K. S., & Abbott, B. B. (1991). Research design and methods. California: Mayfield Publishing
Company. Burns, J. K. (2014). The burden of untreated mental disorders in KwaZulu-Natal Province-Mapping the treatment gap. South African Journal of Psychology, 20(1), 6-10.
Castillo, R. J. (1997). Culture & mental illness: A client-centered approach. Ontario: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Cauce, A. M., Domenech-Rodríguez, M., Paradise, M., Cochran, B. N., Shea, J. M., Srebnik, D., & Baydar, N. (2002). Cultural and contextual influences in mental health help seeking: A focus on ethnic minority youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 44-55.
Dearing, R. L., & Twaragowski, C. (2010). The Social Psychology of Help Seeking. Dalam J. E. Maddux & J. P. Tangney (Eds), Social psychological foundations of clinical psychology (hlm. 395-415). New York:
The Guilford Press. Elhai, J. D., Schweinle, W., & Anderson, S. M. (2008). Reliability and validity of the attitude toward seeking professional psychological help-scale-short form. Psychiatry Research, 159, 320-329.
Fischer, E. H., & Turner, J. L. (1970). Orientations to seeking professional help: Development and research utility of an attitude scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35(1), 79-90.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. New Jersey: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Fox, J. C., Blank, M., Rovnyak, V. G., & Barnett, R. Y. (2001). Barriers to help seeking for mental disorders in a rural impoverished population. Community Mental Health Journal, 37(5), 421-436.
Hanisch, S. E., Twomey, C. D., Szeto, A. C. H., Birner, U. W., Nowak, D., & Sabariego, C. (2016). The effectiveness of interventions targeting the stigma of mental illness at the workplace: A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1-11.
Harvey, A. G., & Gumport, N. B. (2015). Evidence-based psychological treatments for mental disorders: Modifiable barriers to access and possible solutions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 68, 1-12.
Hickling, F. W., Robertson-Hickling, H., & Paisley, V. (2011). Deinstitutionalization and attitudes toward mental illness in Jamaica: A qualitative study. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 29(3), 169-176.
Högberg, T., Magnusson, A., Ewertzon, M., & Lützen, K. (2008). Attitudes towards mental illness in Sweden: Adaptation and development of the community attitudes towards mental illness questionnaire. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 17, 302-310.
Hunt, D. P. (2003). The concept of knowledge and how to measure it. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(1), 100-113.
Jorm, A. F. (2000). Mental health literacy: Public knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 396-401.
Jorm, A. F. (2012). Mental health literacy: Empowering the community to take action for better mental health. American Psychologist, 67(3), 231-243.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 201. (Laporan penelitian tidak dipublikasikan). Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Jakarta.
Kido, Y., Kawakami, N., Miyamoto, Y., Chiba, R., & Tsuchiya, M. (2013). Social capital and stigma toward people with mental illness in Tokyo, Japan. Community Mental Health Journal, 49, 243-247.
Kirmayer, L. J., & Pedersen, D. (2014). Toward a new architecture for global mental health. Transcultural Psychiatry, 51(6), 759-776.
Kohn, R., Saxena, S., Levav, I., & Saraceno, B. (2004). The treatment gap in mental health care. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82(11), 858866.
Kutcher, S., Wei, Y., & Coniglio, C. (2016). Mental health literacy: Past, present, and future. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(3), 154-158.
Lauber, C., Nordt, C., & Rössler, W. (2005). Recommendations of mental health professionals and the general population on how to treat mental disorders. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40, 835-843.
Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Bresnahan, M., Stueve, A., & Pescosolido, B. A. (1999). Public conceptions of mental illness: Labels, causes, dangerousness, and social distance. American Journal of Public Mental Health, 89(9), 1328-1333.
Mak, H. W., & Davis, J. M. (2014). The application of the theory of planned behavior to help-seeking intention in a Chinese Society. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatry Epidemiology, 49, 1501-1515.
Marastuti, A. (2014). Hubungan antara mental health literacy dengan perilaku remaja dalam mencari bantuan tenaga kesehatan mental profesional: Studi remaja SMP dan SMU di DIY. Laporan hibah tidak dipublikasikan, Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Mason, R. J., Hart, L. M., Rossetto, A., & Jorm, A. F. (2015). Quality and predictors of adolescents’ first aid intentions and actions towards a peer with a mental health problem. Psychiatry Research, 228, 31-38.
McBain, R., Salhi, C., Morris, J. E., Salomon, J. A., & Betancourt, T. S. (2012). Disease burden and mental health system capacity: WHO atlas study of 117 low- and middle- income countries. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 201, 444-450.
Mehta, N., & Thornicroft, G. (2014). Stigma, Discrimination, and Promoting Human Rights. Dalam V.
Patel, H. Minas, A. Cohen, & M. J. Prince (Eds.), Global mental health: Principles and practice (hlm. 401-424). New York: Oxford University Press.
Mendoza, H., Masuda, A., & Swartout, K. M. (2015). Mental health stigma and selfconcealment as predictors of help-seeking attitudes among Latina/o college students in the United States. International Journal of Advanced Counseling, 37, 207-222.
O’Connor, M., & Casey, L. (2015). The mental health literacy scale (MHLS): A new scale-based measure of mental health literacy. Psychiatry Research, 229, 511-516.
O’Connor, M., Casey, L., & Clough, B. (2014). Measuring mental health literacy – a review of scale-based measures. Journal of Mental Health, 23(4), 197-204.
Reynders, A., Kerkhof, A. J. F. M., Molenberghs, G., & Audenhove, C. (2015). Help-seeking, stigma, and attitudes of people with and without a suicidal past. A comparison between a low and a high suicide rate country. Journal of Affective Disorder, 178, 5-11.
Rickwood, D., Thomas, K., & Bradford, S. (2012). Help-seeking Measures in Mental Health: a Rapid Review. New South Wales: The Sax Institute.
Rickwood, D., Deane, F. P., Wilson, C. J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2005). Young people’s help-seeking for mental health problems. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 4(3), 1-34.
Salim, A.Z. (2014). Keterkaitan antara stigma, keyakinan, dan niat keluarga dalam mencari pertolongan untuk anggota keluarga yang rentan mengalami gangguan mental di Yogyakarta. (Disertasi tidak Dipublikasikan). Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Sheikh, S., & Furnham, A. (2000). A cross-cultural study of mental health beliefs and attitudes towards seeking professional help. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatry Epidemiology, 35, 326-334.
Sing, S. K., Pong, L. T., Fai, L. K., Lam, L. T., Kiong, C. D. V., & Wo, L. E. W. (2016). Barriers of Chinese primary care attenders to seeking help for psychological distress in Hong Kong. Journal of Affective Disorders, 196, 164-170.
Subandi, M. A. (2012). Agama dalam perjalanan gangguan mental psikotik dalam konteks budaya Jawa. Jurnal Psikologi, 39(2), 167-179. Subandi & Utami, M. S. (1996). Pola perilaku mencari bantuan pada keluarga pasien gangguan jiwa. Jurnal Psikologi, 2, 1-10.
Taylor, S. M., & Dear, M. J. (1981). Scaling community attitudes toward the mentally ill. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 7(2), 225-240.
Umubyeyi, A., Mogren, I., Ntaganira, J., & Krantz, G. (2016). Help-seeking behaviours, barriers to care and self-efficacy for seeking mental health care: a population-based study in Rwanda. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatry Epidemiology, 51, 81-92.
Uwakwe, R., & Otakpor, A. (2014). Public mental health: Using the mental health gap action program to put all hands to the pumps. Frontier Public Health, 2(33), 1-19.
Wang, J., He, Y., Jiang, Q., Cai, J., Wang, W., Zeng, Q., Miao, J.,….& Zhang, M. (2013). Mental health literacy among residents in Shanghai. Shanghai Archieves of Psychiatry, 25(4), 224-234.
Wilson, C. J., Bushnell, J. A., & Caputi, P. (2011). Early access and help seeking: Practice implications and new initiatives. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 5(1), 34-39.
Wong, Y. J., Tran, K. K., Kim, S-H., Kerne, V. V. H., & Calfa, N. A. (2010). Asian American’s lay beliefs about depression and professional help-seeking. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66(3), 317-332.
World Health Organization. (2001). The world health report 2001 – mental health: New understanding, new hope. France: WHO Library Cataloguing-inPublication Data.
World Health Organization. (2012). Mental health atlas 2011. Geneva: WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
Wright, A., Jorm, A. F., & Mackinnon, A. J. (2011). Labeling of mental disorders and stigma in young people. Social Science & Medicine, 73, 498-506.
Yap, M. B. H., & Jorm, A. F. (2012). Young people’s mental health first aid intentions and beliefs prospectively predict their actions: Findings from an Australian national survey of youth. Psychiatry Research, 196, 315-319.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.22988
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 25743
| 
views : 116016
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Psikologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Recent Issues
 | | | | ||||
| Vol 51 Issue 1 (2024) Page 1-119 | Vol 50 Issue 3 (2023) Page 219-332 | Vol 50 Issue 2 (2023) Page 125-218 | Vol 50 Issue 1 (2023) Page 1-124 |
| Published by Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Building D-6th, Floor No. D-606. Jl. Sosio Humaniora No. 1, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, 55281 Email: jurnalpsikologi@ugm.ac.id Phone/whatsApp: +6281125210175 |
