Ponceau S Dye Removal Using UV/Chlorine Process: Affecting Factors, COD Removal and Comparison with UV/H2O2 and UV/Persulfate Systems

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.98293

Baylassane Chatib(1*), Yasmine Laftani(2), Abdelghani Boussaoud(3), Mohsine Hachkar(4)

(1) Laboratory of Process, Signals, Industrial Systems and Computer Science, Graduate School of Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Dar Si-Aïssa Road, B.P. 89, Safi 46000, Morocco
(2) Laboratory of Process, Signals, Industrial Systems and Computer Science, Graduate School of Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Dar Si-Aïssa Road, B.P. 89, Safi 46000, Morocco
(3) Laboratory of Process, Signals, Industrial Systems and Computer Science, Graduate School of Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Dar Si-Aïssa Road, B.P. 89, Safi 46000, Morocco
(4) Laboratory of Process, Signals, Industrial Systems and Computer Science, Graduate School of Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Dar Si-Aïssa Road, B.P. 89, Safi 46000, Morocco
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The purpose of this work was to examine the degradation of Ponceau S (PS) using the UV/chlorine process under various operating parameters. The temporal evolution of the conductivity and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the reaction medium were also investigated. The degradation efficiency of PS by UV/chlorine process was compared to other advanced oxidation processes, such as UV/S2O82− and UV/H2O2 processes. All reaction kinetics exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics with respect to PS dye and their apparent rate constants were: kapp(UV/H2O2) = 0.0519 min−1 < kapp(UV/S2O82−) = 0.0746 min−1 < kapp(UV/chlorine) = 0.283 min−1. The action of solar irradiation on the PS degradation was appreciably effective. At pH = 4.22 and when [chlorine] = 0.2 mM, PS degradation using UV/chlorine process yielded more than 70% in only 10 min of dye degradation. The presence of inorganic anions showed an inhibition effect on decolorization kinetics for carbonate species compared to that observed for sulfates. The high COD removal efficiency was obtained for UV/persulfate process (73%) in comparison with that obtained for other AOPs.


Keywords


Ponceau S dye; UV/chlorine; UV/S2O82−; UV/H2O2; advanced oxidation processes

Full Text:

Full Text PDF


References

[1] Chaudhry, F.N., and Malik, M.F., 2017, Factors affecting water pollution: A review, J. Ecosyst. Ecography, 7 (1), 225.

[2] Schwarzenbach, R.P., Egli, T., Hofstetter, T.B., von Gunten, U., and Wehrli, B., 2010, Global water pollution and human health, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 35, 109–136.

[3] Sarasa, J., Roche, M.P., Ormad, M.P., Gimeno, E., Puig, A., and Ovelleiro, J.L., 1998, Treatment of a wastewater resulting from dyes manufacturing with ozone and chemical coagulation, Water Res., 32 (9), 2721–2727.

[4] Rafiq, A., Ikram, M., Ali, S., Niaz, F., Khan, M., Khan, Q., and Maqbool, M., 2021, Photocatalytic degradation of dyes using semiconductor photocatalysts to clean industrial water pollution, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 97, 111–128.

[5] Yeom, Y., Han, J., Zhang, X., Shang, C., Zhang, T., Li, X., Duan, X., and Dionysiou, D.D., 2021, A review on the degradation efficiency, DBP formation, and toxicity variation in the UV/chlorine treatment of micropollutants, Chem. Eng. J., 424, 130053.

[6] Deng, Y., and Zhao, R., 2015, Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in wastewater treatment, Curr. Pollut. Rep., 1 (3), 167–176.

[7] Laftani, Y., Boussaoud, A., Chatib, B., El Makhfouk, M., Hachkar, M., and Khayar, M., 2019, Comparison of advanced oxidation processes for degrading Ponceau S dye: Application of photo-Fenton process, Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 38 (2), 1888.

[8] Laftani, Y., Boussaoud, A., Chatib, B., Hachkar, M., El Makhfouk, M., and Khayar, M., 2022, Photocatalytic degradation of a diazo-dye in artificial seawater matrix: Optimization of UV/H2O2 process on the Ponceau S decolorization by using central composite design, Environ. Eng. Res., 27 (3), 210002.

[9] Wang, L., Ye, C., Guo, L., Chen, C., Kong, X., Chen, Y., Shu, L., Wang, P., Yu, X., and Fang, J., 2021, Assessment of the UV/chlorine process in the disinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Efficiency and mechanism, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55 (13), 9221–9230.

[10] Adeyemo, F.E., Singh, G., Reddy, P., Bux, F., and Stenström, T.A., 2019, Efficiency of chlorine and UV in the inactivation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wastewater, PloS One, 14 (5), e0216040.

[11] Mackey, E., Hofmann, R., Festger, A., Vanyo, C., Moore, N., Chen, T., Wang, C., Taylor-Edmonds, L., and Andrews, S.A., 2023, UV-chlorine advanced oxidation for potable water reuse: A review of the current state of the art and research needs, Water Res.: X, 19, 100183.

[12] Huang, T., Deng, L., Wang, T., Liao, X., Hu, J., Tan, C., and Singh, R.P., 2022, Effects of bromide ion on the formation and toxicity alteration of halonitromethanes from nitrate containing humic acid water during UV/chlor(am)ine disinfection, Water Res., 225, 119175.

[13] Liang, C., Wang, Z.S., and Mohanty, N., 2006, Influences of carbonate and chloride ions on persulfate oxidation of trichloroethylene at 20 °C, Sci. Total Environ., 370 (2-3), 271–277.

[14] Nikitin, D., Preis, S., and Dulova, N., 2024, Degradation of imidazolium-based ionic liquids by UV photolysis and pulsed corona discharge: The effect of persulfates addition, Sep. Purif. Technol., 344, 127235.

[15] Guo, K., Wu, Z., Shang, C., Yao, B., Hou, S., Yang, X., Song, W., and Fang, J., 2017, Radical chemistry and structural relationships of PPCP degradation by UV/chlorine treatment in simulated drinking water, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51 (18), 10431–10439.

[16] Wu, Z., Guo, K., Fang, J., Yang, X., Xiao, H., Hou, S., Kong, X., Shang, C., Yang, X., Meng, F., and Chen, L., 2017, Factors affecting the roles of reactive species in the degradation of micropollutants by the UV/chlorine process, Water Res., 126, 351–360.

[17] Wang, X., Jia, J., and Wang, Y., 2015, Enhanced photocatalytic–electrolytic degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B in the presence of water jet cavitation, Ultrason. Sonochem., 23, 93–99.

[18] Lee, J.E., Kim, M.K., Lee, J.Y., Lee, Y.M., and Zoh, K.D., 2019, Degradation kinetics and pathway of 1H-benzotriazole during UV/chlorination process, Chem. Eng. J., 359, 1502–1508.

[19] Chen, C., Zhao, X., Chen, H., Li, Z., Ma, B., Wang, Y., Xian, Q., 2025, Generation of DBPs from dissolved organic matter by solar photolysis of chlorine: Associated changes of cytotoxicity and reactive species, Water Res., 274, 123074.

[20] Centre d’Expertise en Analyse Environnementale du Québec, 2016, Détermination de la demande chimique en oxygène: Méthode de reflux en système fermé suivi d'un dosage par colorimétrie avec le bichromate de potassium, MA. 315 – DCO 1.1, Rév. 4, Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques du Québec, Québec.

[21] Gligorovski, S., Strekowski, R., Barbati, S., and Vione, D., 2015, Environmental implications of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), Chem. Rev., 115 (24), 13051–13092.

[22] Gao, Y., Zhang, J., Li, C., Tian, F., and Gao, N., 2020, Comparative evaluation of metoprolol degradation by UV/chlorine and UV/H2O2 processes, Chemosphere, 243, 125325.

[23] Chatib, B., Laftani, Y., Khayar, M., El Makhfouk, M., Hachkar M., and Boussaoud A., 2021, Decolorization kinetics of Ponceau S dye by chemical chlorination: A comparison with sunlight/chlorine and UV/chlorine processes, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 40 (1), 111–121.

[24] Xie, A., Ma, J., Li, X., Tang, B., Zhou, Y., Gao, Y., Yang, T., Wu, Z., and Zhang, Z., 2025, Comparison of photolysis rates, radical concentrations and micropollutant degradation during the UV290/free chlorine and UV290/dichloramine advanced oxidation processes, Sep. Purif. Technol., 361, 131562.

[25] Zhang, T., Chen, Y., and Leiknes, T., 2016, Oxidation of refractory benzothiazoles with PMS/CuFe2O4: Kinetics and transformation intermediates, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50 (1), 5864–5873.

[26] Yang, W., Tang, Y., Liu, L., Peng, X., Zhong, Y., Chen, Y., and Huang Y., 2020, Chemical behaviors and toxic effects of ametryn during the UV/chlorine process, Chemosphere, 240, 124941.

[27] Zhou, D., Liu, H., Wang, J., Li, Y., Wang, N., and Li, W., 2024, Elucidating the enhanced role of carbonate radical in propranolol degradation by UV/peroxymonosulfate system, Chemosphere, 357, 141985.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.98293

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1515 | views : 1084


Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.