Synthesis, Characterization, Biological, and Antioxidant Activity of New Metal Ion Complexes with Schiff Base Derived from 2-Hydroxybenzohydrazide

Ayyat Jawad Kadhim; Naser Shaalan

doi:10.22146/ijc.98292

Synthesis, Characterization, Biological, and Antioxidant Activity of New Metal Ion Complexes with Schiff Base Derived from 2-Hydroxybenzohydrazide

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.98292

Ayyat Jawad Kadhim^(1*), Naser Shaalan⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
(2) Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The study involved the synthesis of new complexes with tetradentate ligand (LH). The general formula of complexes was [M(LH)(H₂O)₂] with M of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn⁺. The ligand was synthesized by treating the 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide with salicylaldehyde. The structural characteristics of ligands and complexes were analyzed using various techniques, including elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, infrared, ultraviolet absorption, mass, and NMR spectroscopy studies. The physical measurements indicated that the prepared complexes are non-electrolyte and showed that the ligand is tetradentate when coordinated with metal ions through the nitrogen of azomethine (–C=N–), two oxygen atoms of O–H phenolic, and an oxygen atom of carbonyl (C=O) for benzohydrazide. It was found that Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺ complexes are octahedral, while Ni²⁺ complexes are square planar. The biological screening of the complexes demonstrates that the Schiff base metal complexes exhibit remarkable efficacy in combating microorganisms by utilizing Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria, as well as Candida albicans fungi. Hence, their results were good in inhibition. Then, the potential of these prepared compounds as antioxidants was determined by inhibiting free radicals.

Keywords

antioxidant; biological activity; 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide; Schiff base metal complexes

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.98292