Synthesis and Adsorption of Alginate and Starch-Based Hydrogels for Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution: Thermodynamic and Isotherm Modeling Non-linear
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-doi.png)
Aseel Mushtaq Aljeboree(1), Ayad Fadhil Alkaim(2*)
(1) Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla 51001, Iraq
(2) Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Girls, University of Babylon, Hilla 51001, Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This work prepared new eco-friendly biocomposite hydrogels by graft co-polymerization from starch (ST), sodium alginate (SA), acrylamide (AM), and acrylic acid (AC). The performance of starch graft-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (ST-g-P(AM-co-AC)) and sodium alginate graft-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (SA-g-P(AM-co-AC)) absorbent hydrogels was evaluated for efficient dye removal from aqueous solution due to their unequal network structure and a restricted number of the hydrophilic groups. Adsorption characteristics of the as-prepared hydrogels were tested for methylene blue (MB) as an adsorbate. The removal percentage increases when increased the adsorbent doses of both hydrogels due to the increase of active sites of the hydrogel. The isotherm models and thermodynamic studies of MB dye on hydrogels have been assessed at several conditions like adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and equilibrium time. The equilibrium results followed the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameter indicated that MB dye adsorption on hydrogels was endothermic and spontaneous. On the basis of the obtained result, the hydrogels are environmental and expansive adsorbent that might be a reliable alternative to elimination dyes from aqueous solution.
Keywords
Full Text:
Full Text PDFReferences
[1] Hamadneh, I., Al-Mobydeen, A., Hannoon, F., Jaber, A.A., Albuqain, R., Alsotari, S., and Al-Dujaili, A.H., 2021, Arsenite adsorption on biochar-based nano copper oxide composites using Mediterranean cypress cones: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, Desalin. Water Treat., 221, 260–269.
[2] Zhao, Y., and Li, B., 2022, Preparation and superstrong adsorption of a novel La(Ⅲ)-crosslinked alginate/modified diatomite macroparticle composite for anionic dyes removal from aqueous solutions, Gels, 8 (12), 810.
[3] Mao, X., Wang, L., Gu, S., Duan, Y., Zhu, Y., Wang, C., and Lichtfouse, E., 2018, Synthesis of a three-dimensional network sodium alginate–poly (acrylic acid)/attapulgite hydrogel with good mechanic property and reusability for efficient adsorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+, Environ. Chem. Lett., 16 (2), 653–658.
[4] Thakur, S., and Arotiba, O., 2018, Synthesis, characterization and adsorption studies of an acrylic acid-grafted sodium alginate-based TiO2 hydrogel nanocomposite, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 36 (1-2), 458–477.
[5] Lata, H., Garg, V.K., and Gupta, R.K., 2007, Removal of a basic dye from aqueous solution by adsorption using Parthenium hysterophorus: An agricultural waste, Dyes Pigm., 74 (3), 653–658.
[6] Naushad, M., Alqadami, A.A., Al-Kahtani, A.A., Ahamad, T., Awual, M.R., and Tatarchuk, T., 2019, Adsorption of textile dye using para-aminobenzoic acid modified activated carbon: Kinetic and equilibrium studies, J. Mol. Liq., 296, 112075.
[7] Mosaa, Z.A., Bader, A.T., Aljeboree, A.M., and Alkaim, A.F., 2019, Adsorption and removal of textile dye (methylene blue MB) from aqueous solution by activated carbon as a model (apricot stone source waste) of plant role in environmental enhancement, Plant Arch., 19 (Suppl. 2), 910–914.
[8] Cengiz, S., and Cavas, L., 2008, Removal of methylene blue by invasive marine seaweed: Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea, Bioresour. Technol., 99 (7), 2357–2363.
[9] Bestani, B., Benderdouche, N., Benstaali, B., Belhakem, M., and Addou, A., 2008, Methylene blue and iodine adsorption onto an activated desert plant, Bioresour. Technol., 99 (17), 8441–8444.
[10] Waliullah, R.M., Rehan, A.I., Awual, M.E., Rasee, A.I., Sheikh, M.C., Salman, M.S., Hossain, M.S., Hasan, M.M., Kubra, K.T., Hasan, M.N., Marwani, H.M., Islam, A., Rahman, M.M., Khaleque, M.A., and Awual, M.R., 2023, Optimization of toxic dye removal from contaminated water using chitosan-grafted novel nanocomposite adsorbent, J. Mol. Liq., 388, 122763.
[11] Radia, N.D., Kamona, S.M.H., Jasem, H., Abass, R.R., Izzat, S.E., Ali, M.S., Ghafel, S.T., and Aljeboree, A.M., 2022, Role of hydrogel and study of its high-efficiency to removal streptomycin drug from aqueous solutions, Int. J. Pharm. Qual. Assur., 13 (2), 160–163.
[12] Xu, J., Liu, X., Ren, X., and Gao, G., 2018, The role of chemical and physical crosslinking in different deformation stages of hybrid hydrogels, Eur. Polym. J., 100, 86–95.
[13] Ma, H., Yu, J., Liu, L., and Fan, Y., 2021, An optimized preparation of nanofiber hydrogels derived from natural carbohydrate polymers and their drug release capacity under different pH surroundings, Carbohydr. Polym., 265, 118008.
[14] Huang, W., Xu, Y., Chen, N., Cheng, G., and Ke, H., 2023, Amino-modified hemp stem for high-capacity adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 11 (6), 111441.
[15] Takić Miladinov, D., Tomić, S., Stojanović, S., Najdanović, J., Filipović, J., Trajanović, M., and Najman, S., 2016, Synthesis, swelling properties and evaluation of genotoxicity of hydrogels based on (meth)acrylates and itaconic acid, Mater. Res., 19 (5), 1070–1079.
[16] Getya, D., Lucas, A., and Gitsov, I., 2023, Composite hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) and cellulose macromonomers as fortified materials for environmental cleanup and clean water safeguarding, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24 (8), 7558.
[17] Salman, M.S., Sheikh, M.C., Hasan, M.M., Hasan, M.N., Kubra, K.T., Rehan, A.I., Awual, M.E., Rasee, A.I., Waliullah, R.M., Hossain, M.S., Khaleque, M.A., Alsukaibi, A.K.D., Alshammari, H.M., and Awual, M.R., 2023, Chitosan-coated cotton fiber composite for efficient toxic dye encapsulation from aqueous media, Appl. Surf. Sci., 622, 157008.
[18] ALSamman, M.T., and Sanchez, J., 2021, Recent advances on hydrogels based on chitosan and alginate for the adsorption of dyes and metal ions from water, Arabian J. Chem., 14 (12), 103455.
[19] Ilgin, P., Ozay, H., and Ozay, O., 2020, The efficient removal of anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous media using hydroxyethyl starch-based hydrogels, Cellulose, 27 (8), 4787–4802.
[20] Aljeboree, A.M., Alhattab, Z.D., Altimari, U.S., Aldulaim, A.K.O., Mahdi, A.K., and Alkaim, A.F., 2023, Enhanced removal of amoxicillin and chlorophenol as a model of wastewater pollutants using hydrogel nanocomposite: Optimization, thermodynamic, and isotherm studies, Caspian J. Environ. Sci., 21 (2), 411–422.
[21] Aljeboree, A.M., Al-Hussainawy, M.K., Altimari, U.S., Al-Hussein, S.A., Azeez, M.D., and Alkaim, A.F., 2024, ZnO-Loaded SA-g-poly (AC-co-EBS) hydrogel nanocomposite as an efficient adsorption of tetracycline and phenol: Kinetics and thermodynamic models, Indones. J. Chem., 24 (1), 185–199.
[22] Mohammed, N.A.S., Abu-Zurayk, R.A., Hamadneh, I., and Al-Dujaili, A.H., 2018, Phenol adsorption on biochar prepared from the pine fruit shells: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamics studies, J. Environ. Manage., 226, 377–385.
[23] Kyhoiesh, H.A.K., Al-Hussainawy, M.K., and Saud, H.R., 2022, Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylamide/crotonic acid and its composites with carbon nanotube and rhodamine B, AIP Conf. Proc., 2398, 30018.
[24] Thakur, S., Chaudhary, J., Thakur, A., Gunduz, O., Alsanie, W.F., Makatsoris, C., and Thakur, V.K., 2022, Highly efficient poly(acrylic acid-co-aniline) grafted itaconic acid hydrogel: Application in water retention and adsorption of rhodamine B dye for a sustainable environment, Chemosphere, 303, 134917.
[25] Radia, N.D., Mahdi, A.B., Mohammed, G.A., Sajid, A., Altimari, U.S., Shams, M.A., Aljeboree, A.M., and Abdulrazzak, F.H., 2022, Removal of Rose Bengal dye from aqueous solution using low cost (SA-g-PAAc) hydrogel: Equilibrium and kinetic study, Int. J. Drug Delivery. Technol., 12 (3), 957–960.
[26] Pashaei-Fakhri, S., Peighambardoust, S.J., Foroutan, R., Arsalani, N., and Ramavandi, B., 2021, Crystal violet dye sorption over acrylamide/graphene oxide bonded sodium alginate nanocomposite hydrogel, Chemosphere, 270, 129419.
[27] Sekirifa, M.L., Hadj-Mahammed, M., Pallier, S., Baameur, L., Richard, D., and Al-Dujaili, A.H., 2013, Preparation and characterization of an activated carbon from a date stones variety by physical activation with carbon dioxide, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 99, 155–160.
[28] Zhu, H., Chen, S., Duan, H., He, J., and Luo, Y., 2023, Removal of anionic and cationic dyes using porous chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose-PEG hydrogels: Optimization, adsorption kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 231, 123213.
[29] Vieira, T., Artifon, S.E.S., Cesco, C.T., Vilela, P.B., Becegato, V.A., and Paulino, A.T., 2021, Chitosan-based hydrogels for the sorption of metals and dyes in water: Isothermal, kinetic, and thermodynamic evaluations, Colloid Polym. Sci., 299 (4), 649–662.
[30] Aljeboree, A.M., Alkaim, A.F., and Al-Dujaili, A.H., 2015, Adsorption isotherm, kinetic modeling and thermodynamics of crystal violet dye on coconut husk-based activated carbon, Desalin. Water Treat., 53 (13), 3656–3667.
[31] Waheeb, A.S., Alshamsi, H.A.H., Al-Hussainawy, M.K., and Saud, H.R., 2020, Myristica fragrans shells as potential low cost bio-adsorbent for the efficient removal of Rose Bengal from aqueous solution: Characteristic and kinetic study, Indones. J. Chem., 20 (5), 1152–1162.
[32] Nakhjiri, M.T., Marandi, G.B., and Kurdtabar, M., 2018, Poly (AA-co-VPA) hydrogel cross-linked with N-maleyl chitosan as dye adsorbent: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic investigation, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 117, 152–166.
[33] Mokhtar, A., Abdelkrim, S., Sardi, A., Benyoub, A., Besnaci, H., Cherrak, R., Hadjel, M., and Boukoussa, B., 2020, Preparation and characterization of anionic composite hydrogel for dyes adsorption and filtration: Non-linear isotherm and kinetics modeling, J. Polym. Environ., 28 (6), 1710–1723.
[34] Sharma, S., Sharma, G., Kumar, A., AlGarni, T.S., Naushad, M., ALOthman, Z.A., and Stadler, F.J., 2022, Adsorption of cationic dyes onto carrageenan and itaconic acid-based superabsorbent hydrogel: Synthesis, characterization and isotherm analysis, J. Hazard. Mater., 421, 126729.
[35] Alhattab, Z.D., Aljeboree, A.M., Jawad, M.A., Sheri, F.S., Obaid Aldulaim, A.K., and Alkaim, A.F., 2023, Highly adsorption of alginate/bentonite impregnated TiO2 beads for wastewater treatment: Optimization, kinetics, and regeneration studies, Caspian J. Environ. Sci., 21 (3), 657–664.
[36] Al-Hussainawy, M.K., Sahb Mehdi, Z., Jasim, K.K., Alshamsi, H.A.H., Saud, H.R., and Kyhoiesh, H.A.K., 2022, A single rapid route synthesis of magnetite/chitosan nanocomposite: Competitive study, Results Chem., 4, 100567.
[37] Wang, Z., Yang, Q., Zhao, X., and Wei, G., 2019, Facile fabrication of a low-cost alginate-polyacrylamide composite aerogel for the highly efficient removal of lead ions, Appl. Sci., 9 (22), 4754.
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-doi.png)
Article Metrics
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-graph.png)
![](/public/site/images/admin/icons/icon-pdf.png)
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.