Biodecolorization of Methylene Blue by Using  Bacillus subtilis  Immobilized into SA-PVA-Bentonite Matrix in Mineral Salt Medium and Non-nutritious Medium

Alya Awinatul Rohmah; Adi Setyo Purnomo; Widiya Nur Safitri

doi:10.22146/ijc.76080

Biodecolorization of Methylene Blue by Using Bacillus subtilis Immobilized into SA-PVA-Bentonite Matrix in Mineral Salt Medium and Non-nutritious Medium

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.76080

Alya Awinatul Rohmah⁽¹⁾, Adi Setyo Purnomo^(2*), Widiya Nur Safitri⁽³⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Industrial dye wastewater can potentially cause significant harm to organisms and the environment across the world. Methylene blue (MB) is a synthetic dye that can be found in wastewater. Immobilizing clay material and degradative bacteria into a carrier is the best way to remove MB. Therefore, this study aimed to immobilize Bacillus subtilis in sodium alginate (SA)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Bentonite for adsorption and degrading MB in nutritious mineral salt medium (MSM) and non-nutritious media. The result showed that SA-PVA-Bentonite-non-living B. subtilis beads (SPB-nBS) had the highest result in non-nutritious medium, approximately 88.89%. While in nutritious MSM, living B. subtilis addition into beads (SPB-BS) reached the highest MB removal, which was 94.31%. Nutritious MSM had a role as the sole carbon and energy for living B. subtilis. So, it could adsorb and degrade MB by its enzymatic system. The degradation products were predicted as C₇H₁₀N₂O₄S, C₈H₁₀N₂O₂ and C₆H₈N₂O₃S. Hence, this study indicated that a nutritious medium was the suitable medium for MB degradation. According to the SEM result, the bacteria spread and covered the beads. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics and isotherms were also analyzed; SPB beads followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm.

Keywords

adsorption; immobilization; Bacillus subtilis; methylene blue

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.76080