Gamma-Irradiated Bacterial Cellulose as a Three-Dimensional Scaffold for Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

Farah Nurlidar; Mime Kobayashi; Ade Lestari Yunus; Rika Heryani; Muhamad Yasin Yunus; Tita Puspitasari; Darmawan Darwis

doi:10.22146/ijc.71823

Gamma-Irradiated Bacterial Cellulose as a Three-Dimensional Scaffold for Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.71823

Farah Nurlidar^(1*), Mime Kobayashi⁽²⁾, Ade Lestari Yunus⁽³⁾, Rika Heryani⁽⁴⁾, Muhamad Yasin Yunus⁽⁵⁾, Tita Puspitasari⁽⁶⁾, Darmawan Darwis⁽⁷⁾

(1) Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia
(2) Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
(3) Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia
(4) Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia
(5) Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia
(6) Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia
(7) Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The effect of gamma-irradiation on bacterial cellulose (BC) was investigated in terms of improving its properties as scaffolds for tissue engineering. BC pellicles were exposed to 25, 50, and 75 kGy gamma-ray irradiation, and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the crystallinity of the BC decreased as stronger irradiation accelerated BC’s degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the irradiated BC revealed the appearance of a new peak at 1724 cm^–1, indicating the formation of a new carbonyl group due to the cleavage of glycosidic linkages of the BC. Rat bone marrow stromal cells seeded on the gamma-irradiated BC incubated in an osteogenic medium for 14 days produced calcium, a late marker for osteogenic differentiation, as shown by Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. Gamma-irradiated BC with higher irradiation doses showed intense ARS staining indicating higher calcium deposition. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using gamma-irradiated BC as a cytocompatible 3D scaffold for bone tissue regeneration.

Keywords

bacterial cellulose; gamma-irradiation; Alizarin Red S staining; osteogenic differentiation; calcium deposition

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.71823