Synthesis of Cassava Starch-Grafted Polyacrylamide Hydrogel by Microwave-Assisted Method for Polymer Flooding

Maudy Pratiwi Novia Matovanni; Sperisa Distantina; Mujtahid Kaavessina

doi:10.22146/ijc.71343

Synthesis of Cassava Starch-Grafted Polyacrylamide Hydrogel by Microwave-Assisted Method for Polymer Flooding

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.71343

Maudy Pratiwi Novia Matovanni⁽¹⁾, Sperisa Distantina^(2*), Mujtahid Kaavessina⁽³⁾

(1) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Cassava starch-grafted polyacrylamide (CS-g-PAM) hydrogels were synthesized using a microwave-assisted method and K₂O₈S₂ (KPS) as an initiator. In this study, we studied the influence of the amount of acrylamide and irradiation time on the properties of CS-g-PAM. The characterization of CS-g-PAM obtained was shown by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. To predict the behavior of the samples under reservoir conditions, the properties of CS-g-PAM, such as swelling ratio, water-solubility, and viscosity were determined as a function of temperature, salt concentration, and aging time. The FTIR spectra and SEM analysis of the CS-g-PAM confirmed that the polyacrylamide chains were successfully grafted onto the cassava starch backbone. The results showed that the increasing amount of acrylamide and the longer irradiation time improved the properties of CS-g-PAM. Preparation of CS-g-PAM with 10 g of acrylamide and 180 s of irradiation time resulted in the highest grafting percentage and water solubility, which was 1565.53 and 96.06%, respectively. Its viscosity also exceeded 97% after 15 days of aging. The results showed that CS-g-PAM expressed properties such as good thickening, temperature resistance, and salt resistance according to reservoir conditions. This finding indicated that CS-g-PAM has good potential for oil recovery applications.

Keywords

hydrogel; cassava starch; polyacrylamide; microwave-assisted; enhanced oil recovery

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.71343