Silver Nanoparticles Capped with p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid as a Colorimetric Sensor for the Determination of Paraquat

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.48806

Gusrizal Gusrizal(1*), Sri Juari Santosa(2), Eko Sri Kunarti(3), Bambang Rusdiarso(4)

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tanjungpura, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak 78124, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(4) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Highly stable silver nanoparticles capped with p-hydroxybenzoic acid were synthesized by reducing silver ion with p-hydroxybenzoic acid and used for the detection of paraquat. The synthesized silver nanoparticles, which are yellow, exhibited an absorption peak at 420 nm when measured with a UV-visible spectrophotometer due to the surface plasmon resonance. In the presence of paraquat, the color of silver nanoparticles changed from yellow to purple accompanied by the appearance of a new peak at 580 nm in addition to the peak at 420 nm. In order to obtain optimum experimental conditions, temperature, and time of reaction were optimized, and the ratio of absorbance obtained at 580 nm and 420 nm (A580/A420) were monitored. The A580/A420 is proportional to the concentration of paraquat. Under the most favorable condition, the calibration curve showed a high level of linearity ranging from 6.0 × 10–4 to 1.0 × 10–3 M, and the detection limit was found to be 8.30 × 10–6 M. Silver nanoparticles capped with p-hydroxybenzoic acid was found to be useful for the colorimetric determination of paraquat in the aqueous medium.

Keywords


nanoparticles; paraquat; p-hydroxybenzoic acid; sensor; silver

Full Text:

Full Text PDF


References

[1] Durán, N., Durán, M., de Jesus, M.B., Seabra, A.B., Fávaro, W.J., and Nakazato, G., 2016, Silver nanoparticles: A new view on mechanistic aspects on antimicrobial activity, Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med., 12 (3), 789–799.

[2] Ravindran, A., Elavarasi, M., Prathna, T.C., Raichur, A.M., Chandrasekaran, N., and Mukherjee, A., 2012, Selective colorimetric detection of nanomolar Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions using unmodified silver nanoparticles, Sens. Actuators, B, 166-167, 365–371.

[3] Wu, X., Xu, Y., Dong, Y., Jiang, X., and Zhu, N., 2013, Colorimetric determination of hexavalent chromium with ascorbic acid capped silver nanoparticles, Anal. Methods, 5 (2), 560–565.

[4] Frost, M.S., Dempsey, M.J., and Whitehead, D.E., 2017, The response of citrate functionalised gold and silver nanoparticles to the addition of heavy metal ions, Colloids Surf., A, 518, 15–24.

[5] Lee, P.C., and Meisel, D., 1982, Adsorption and surface-enhanced Raman of dyes on silver and gold sols, J. Phys. Chem., 86 (17), 3391–3395.

[6] Ajitha, B., Reddy, Y.A.K., Reddy, P.S., Jeon, H.J., and Ahn, C.W., 2016, Role of capping agents in controlling silver nanoparticles size, antibacterial activity and potential application as optical hydrogen peroxide sensor, RSC Adv., 6 (42), 36171–36179.

[7] Rycenga, M., Cobley, C.M., Zeng, J., Li, W., Moran, C.H., Zhang, Q., Qin, D., and Xia, Y., 2011, Controlling the synthesis and assembly of silver nanostructures for plasmonic applications, Chem. Rev., 111 (6), 3669–3712.

[8] Ratnarathorn, N., Chailapakul, O., Henry, C.S., and Dungchai, W., 2012, Simple silver nanoparticle colorimetric sensing for copper by paper-based devices, Talanta, 99, 552–557.

[9] Annadhasan, M., Muthukumarasamyvel, T., Sankar Babu, V.R., and Rajendiran, N., 2014, Green synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of Hg2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+ in an aqueous medium, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2 (4), 887–896.

[10] Shrivas, K., Sahu, S., Patra, G.K., Jaiswal, N.K., and Shankar, R., 2016, Localized surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles for sensitive colorimetric detection of chromium in surface water, industrial wastewater and vegetable samples, Anal. Methods, 8 (9), 2088–2096.

[11] Roto, R., Marcelina, Aprilita, N.H., Mudasir, Natsir, T.A., and Mellisani, B., 2017, Investigation on the effect of the addition of Fe3+ ion into the colloidal AgNPs in PVA solution and understanding its reaction mechanism, Indones. J. Chem., 17 (3), 439–445.

[12] Ma, Y., Niu, H., Zhang, X., and Cai, Y., 2011, One-step synthesis of silver/dopamine nanoparticles and visual detection of melamine in raw milk, Analyst, 136 (20), 4192–4196.

[13] Dubas, S.T., and Pimpan, V., 2008, Humic acid assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its application to herbicide detection, Mater. Lett., 62 (17-18), 2661–2663.

[14] Lee, P.C., Bordelon, Y., Bronstein, J., and Ritz, B., 2012, Traumatic brain injury, paraquat exposure, and their relationship to Parkinson disease, Neurology, 79 (20), 2061–2066.

[15] Pezzoli, G., and Cereda, E., 2013, Exposure to pesticides or solvents and risk of Parkinson disease, Neurology, 80 (22), 2035–2041.

[16] Takino, M., Daishima, S., and Yamaguchi, K., 2000, Determination of diquat and paraquat in water by liquid chromatography/electrospray-mass spectrometry using volatile ion-pairing reagents, Anal. Sci., 16 (7), 707–711.

[17] Pizzutti, I.R., Vela, G.M.E., de Kok, A., Scholten, J.M., Dias, J.V., Cardoso, C.D., Concenço, G., and Vivian, R., 2016, Determination of paraquat and diquat: LC-MS method optimization and validation, Food Chem., 209, 248–255.

[18] Gusrizal, G., Santosa, S.J., Kunarti, E.S., and Rusdiarso, B., 2018, Two highly stable silver nanoparticles: Surface plasmon resonance spectra study of silver nanoparticles capped with m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, Molekul, 13 (1), 30–37.

[19] Gusrizal, 2017, Sintesis nanopartikel perak melalui reduksi ion perak dengan asam 2-, 3-, dan 4-hidroksibenzoat serta aplikasinya untuk penentuan parakuat, Dissertation, Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

[20] Gusrizal, G., Santosa, S.J., Kunarti, E.S., and Rusdiarso, B., 2016, Dual function of p-hydroxybenzoic acid as reducing and capping agent in the rapid and simple formation of stable silver nanoparticles, Int. J. Chemtech Res., 9 (9), 472–482.

[21] Wang, H., Qiao, X., Chen, J., Wang, X., and Ding, S., 2005, Mechanisms of PVP in the preparation of silver nanoparticles, Mater. Chem. Phys., 94 (2-3), 449–453.

[22] Yang, J., Yin, H., Jia, J., and Wei, Y., 2011, Facile synthesis of high-concentration, stable aqueous dispersions of uniform silver nanoparticles using aniline as a reductant, Langmuir, 27 (8), 5047–5053.

[23] Khodashenas, B., and Ghorbani, H.R., 2015, Synthesis of silver nanoparticles with different shapes, Arabian J. Chem., 12 (8), 1823–1838.

[24] Wei, H., Abtahi, S.M.H., and Vikesland, P.J., 2015, Plasmonic colorimetric and SERS sensors for environmental analysis, Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2 (2), 120–135.

[25] Jin, W., Huang, P., Wu, F., and Ma, L.H., 2015, Ultrasensitive colorimetric assay of cadmium ion based on silver nanoparticles functionalized with 5-sulfosalicylic acid for wide practical applications, Analyst, 140 (10), 3507–3513.

[26] Pinto, V.V., Ferreira, M.J., Silva, R., Santos, H.A., Silva, F., and Pereira, C.M., 2010, Long time effect on the stability of silver nanoparticles in aqueous medium: Effect of the synthesis and storage conditions, Colloids Surf., A, 364 (1-3), 19–25.

[27] Senesi, N., D’Orazio, V., and Miano, T.M., 1995, Adsorption mechanisms of s-triazine and bipyridylium herbicides on humic acids from hop field soils, Geoderma, 66 (3-4), 273–283.

[28] Roldán, M.L., Corrado, G., Francioso, O., and Sanchez-Cortes, S., 2011, Interaction of soil humic acids with herbicide paraquat analyzed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy on silver plasmonic nanoparticles, Anal. Chim. Acta, 699 (1), 87–95.

[29] Vilela, D., González, M.C., and Escarpa, A., 2012, Sensing colorimetric approaches based on gold and silver nanoparticles aggregation: Chemical creativity behind the assay. A review, Anal. Chim. Acta, 751, 24–43.

[30] Pearson, R.G., 1968, Hard and soft acid and bases, HSAB, Part I: Fundamental principles, J. Chem. Educ., 45 (9), 581–587.

[31] Shivhare, P., and Gupta, V.K., 1991, Spectrophotometric method for the determination of paraquat in water, grain and plant materials, Analyst, 116 (4), 391–393.

[32] Miller, J.N., and Miller, J.C., 2010, Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed., Pearson Education, Canada.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.48806

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3524 | views : 2896


Copyright (c) 2019 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.