Improved Maleic Anhydride Grafting to Linear Low Density Polyethylene by Microencapsulation Method

Iman Rahayu; Achmad Zainuddin; Sunit Hendrana

doi:10.22146/ijc.48785

Improved Maleic Anhydride Grafting to Linear Low Density Polyethylene by Microencapsulation Method

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.48785

Iman Rahayu^(1*), Achmad Zainuddin⁽²⁾, Sunit Hendrana⁽³⁾

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
(3) 2Laboratory of Applied Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Sangkuriang, Kompleks LIPI, Bandung 40135, West Java, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

A common graft copolymerization method usually results in a low degree of grafting due to its poor inter-component interactions. A monomer microencapsulation method should be useful to enhance the current graft copolymerization technique. The maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was successfully synthesized by monomer microencapsulation without using a direct method in order to find a high degree of grafting. The results showed that the degree of grafting of the LLDPE synthesized by microencapsulation (5.9%) was higher than that achieved with the direct method (5.0%).

Keywords

grafting; LLDPE; maleic anhydride; microencapsulation

Full Text:

Full Text PDF

References

[1] Valente, T., Ferreira, J.L., Henriques, C., Borges, J.P., and Silva, J.C. 2019, Polymer blending or fiber blending: A comparative study using chitosan and poly (ε-caprolactone) electrospun fibers, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 136 (1), 47191.

[2] Sato, A., Kabusaki, D., Okumura, H., Nakatani, T., Nakatsubo, F., and Yano, H. 2016, Surface modification of cellulose nanofibers with alkenyl succinic anhydride for high-density polyethylene reinforcement, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 83, 72–79.

[3] Wang, W., Zhang, X., Mao, Z., and Zhao, W., 2019, Effects of gamma radiation on the impact strength of polypropylene (PP)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) blends, Results Phys., 12, 2169–2174.

[4] Khani, M.M., Woo, D., Mumpower, E.L., and Benicewicz, B.C., 2017, Poly (alkyl methacrylate)-grafted silica nanoparticles in polyethylene nanocomposites, Polymer, 109, 339–348.

[5] Khanoonkon, N., Yoksan, R., and Ogale, A.A., 2016, Effect of stearic acid-grafted starch compatibilizer on properties of linear low density polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blown film, Carbohydr. Polym., 137, 165–173.

[6] Mandal, D.K., Bhunia, H., Bajpai, P.K., and Bhalla, V.K., 2017, Thermal degradation kinetics and estimation of lifetime of radiation grafted polypropylene films, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 136, 1–8.

[7] Campos, P.G.S., Fantini, M.C.A., and Petri, D.F.S., 2004, Grafting of tetrahydrophthalic and maleic anhydride onto polyolefins in solution, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 15 (4), 532–540.

[8] Zhang, Y., Chen, J., and Li, H., 2006, Functionalization of polyolefins with maleic anhydride in melt state through ultrasonic initiation, Polymer, 47 (13), 4750–4759.

[9] Deng, J.P., and Yang, W.T., 2001, Self-initiating performance of maleic anhydride on surface photografting polymerization, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 39 (19), 3246–3249.

[10] Aghjeh, M.K.R., Nazockdast, H., and Assempour, H., 2006, Parameters affecting the free-radical melt grafting of maleic anhydride onto linear low-density polyethylene in an internal mixer, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99 (1), 141–149.

[11] Chang, M.K., 2015, Mechanical properties and thermal stability of low-density polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride/montmorillonite nanocomposites, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 27, 96–101.

[12] Kahar, A.W.M., Ismail, H., and Othman, N., 2012, Effects of polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride as a compatibilizer on the morphology and tensile properties of (thermoplastic tapioca starch)/(high-density polyethylene)/(natural rubber) blends, J. Vinyl Add. Tech., 18 (1), 65–70.

[13] Majid, R.A., Ismail, H., and Taib, R.M., 2010, Effects of polyethylene-g-maleic anhydride on properties of low density polyethylene/ thermoplastic sago starch reinforced kenaf fibre composites, Iran. Polym. J., 19 (7), 501–510.

[14] Jantanasakulwong, K., Leksawasdi, N., Seesuriyachan, P., Wongsuriyasak, S., Techapun, C., and Ougizawa, T., 2016, Reactive blending of thermoplastic starch and polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride with chitosan as compatibilizer, Carbohydr. Polym., 153, 89–95.

[15] Roumeli, E., Terzopoulou, Z., Pavlidou, E., Chrissafis, K., Papadopoulou, E., Athanasiadou, E., Triantafyllidis, K., and Bikiaris, D.N., 2015, Effect of maleic anhydride on the mechanical and thermal properties of hemp/high-density polyethylene green composites, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 121, 93–105.

[16] Saini, A., Yadav, C., Bera, M., Gupta, P., and Maji, P.K., 2017, Maleic anhydride grafted linear low-density polyethylene/waste paper powder composites with superior mechanical behavior, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 134 (31), 45167.

[17] Colbeaux, A., Fenouillot, F., Gérard, J.F., Taha, M., and Wautier, H., 2005, Compatibilization of a polyolefin blend through covalent and ionic coupling of grafted polypropylene and polyethylene. I. Rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 95 (2), 312–320.

[18] Guzmán, M., and Murillo, E.A., 2015, The properties of blends of maleic-anhydride-grafted polyethylene and thermoplastic starch using hyperbranched polyester polyol as a plasticizer, Polym. Eng. Sci., 55 (11), 2526–2533.

[19] Hernandez-Ortiz, J., Van Steenberge, P.H.M., Duchateau, J.N., Toloza, C., Schreurs, F., Reyniers, M.F., Marin, G.B., and D’hooge, D.R., 2019, A multi-scal tool for functionalization of polyolefins through radical grafting, Autex 2019 –The 19^th World Textile Conference on Textiles at the Crossroads, 11-15 June 2019, Ghent, Belgium.

[20] Oliveira, A.C.F., Parra, D.F., Ferreto, H.F.R., and Lugão, A.B., 2013 Characterization of injected linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) irradiated by gamma-ray, The 6^th International Nuclear Atlantic Conference – INAC 2013, 24-29 November 2013, Recife, Brazil.

[21] Saade-Caballero, H., and Martínez-Colunga, J.G., 2009, Reactive extrusion process for the grafting of maleic anhydride onto linear low-density polyethylene with ultraviolet radiation, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 113 (5), 3125–3129.

[22] Dartora, P.C., Marlene, R., Santana, C., Cristina, A., and Moreira, F., 2015, The influence of long chain branches of LLDPE on processability and physical properties, Polimeros, 25 (6), 531–539.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.48785