The Effect of Bioactive Polyphenols from  Anacardium occidentale  Linn. Leaves on α-Amylase and Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activities

Nur Imanina Abdullah Thaidi; Hanapi Mat Jusoh; Ahmad Badruddin Ghazali; Deny Susanti; Normah Haron

doi:10.22146/ijc.44807

The Effect of Bioactive Polyphenols from Anacardium occidentale Linn. Leaves on α-Amylase and Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activities

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.44807

Nur Imanina Abdullah Thaidi^(1*), Hanapi Mat Jusoh⁽²⁾, Ahmad Badruddin Ghazali⁽³⁾, Deny Susanti⁽⁴⁾, Normah Haron⁽⁵⁾

(1) Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University of Malaysia.
(2) Kulliyyah of Allied Health Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
(3) Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
(4) Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
(5) Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Anacardium occidentale Linn. (A. occidentale L.) leaves possess bioactive polyphenols which are associated with antidiabetic potency for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, free, soluble ester, and insoluble-bound phenolic fractions from young and mature leaves of A. occidentale L. were extracted. Subsequently, all fractions were investigated for their inhibitory effect on α-amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activities. Both free (72.45 ± 3.6%) and soluble ester (83.40 ± 4.7%) phenolic fractions in the mature leaves extracts had significantly demonstrated greater α-amylase inhibitors than the young leaves. Likewise, soluble ester (4.09 ± 0.34 µg/mL) and insoluble-bound (4.87 ± 0.32 µg/mL) phenolic fractions in the mature leaves extracts were significantly more effective in inhibiting DPPIV than the young leaves. As for fractions comparison, insoluble-bound derived from the young leaves extract was a more potent α-amylase inhibitor than free and soluble ester phenolic fractions (p < 0.0001). Besides, soluble ester and insoluble-bound phenolic fractions showed a stronger inhibitor of DPPIV than the free phenolic (p < 0.001), irrespective of the maturity of the leaves. In conclusion, this study showed that A. occidentale L. extracts possessed antidiabetic properties, which may potentially be used as an alternative treatment for T2DM management.

Keywords

Anarcadium occidentale Linn; dipeptidyl peptidase IV; α-amylase; inhibitor

Full Text:

Full Text PDF

References

[1] Ogurtsova, K., da Rocha Fernandes, J.D., Huang, Y., Linnenkamp, U., Guariguata, L., Cho, N.H., Cavan, D., Shaw, J.E., and Makaroff, L.E. 2017, IDF diabetes atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040, Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 128, 40–50.

[2] Institute for Public Health (IPH), 2015, National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015. Vol. II: Non-Communicable Diseases, Risk Factors and Other Health Problems, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

[3] Institute for Public Health (IPH), 1997, Report of the Second National Health and Morbidity Survey Conference, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

[4] World Health Organization, 2016, Global Report on Diabetes, World Health Organization, Geneva.

[5] World Health Organization (WHO), 2002, WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005, World Health Organization, Geneva.

[6] Esimone, C.O., Okonta, J.M., and Ezugwu, C.O., 2001, Blood sugar lowering the effect of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract in an experimental rabbit model, J. Nat. Remedies, 1 (1), 60–63.

[7] Mustaffa, F., Indurkar, J., Ali, N.I.M., Hanapi, A., Shah, M., Ismail, S., and Mansor, S.M., 2011, A review of Malaysian medicinal plants with potential antidiabetic activity, J. Pharm. Res., 4 (11), 4217–4224.

[8] Ojezele, M.O., and Agunbiade, S., 2013, Phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of different extracts of Anacardium occidentale and Psidium guajava, Asian J. Biomed. Pharm. Sci., 3 (16), 20–23.

[9] Ali, M.S.M., Crozier, A., and Rahman, S.N.A., 2011, Polyphenols and antioxidant activities of selected traditional vegetables, J. Trop. Agric. Food Sci., 39 (203), 69–83.

[10] Jang, J.H., and Moon, K.D., 2011, Inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities on fresh-cut apple by simultaneous treatment of ultrasound and ascorbic acid, Food Chem., 124 (2), 444–449.

[11] Nair, S.S., Kavrekar, V., and Mishra, A., 2013, In vitro studies on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activities of selected plant extracts, Eur. J. Exp. Biol., 3 (1), 128–132.

[12] Ranilla, L.G., Kwon, Y.I., Apostolidis, E., and Shetty, K., 2010, Phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and in vitro inhibitory potential against key enzymes relevant for hyperglycemia and hypertension of commonly used medicinal plants, herbs, and spices in Latin America, Bioresour. Technol., 101 (12), 4676–4689.

[13] Avila, J.A.D., García, J.R., Aguilar, G.A.G., and De la Rosa, L.A., 2017, The antidiabetic mechanisms of polyphenols related to increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and insulin signaling, Molecules, 22 (6), 903.

[14] Barnett, A., 2006, DPP-4 inhibitors and their potential role in the management of type 2 diabetes, Int. J. Clin. Pract., 60 (11), 1454–1470.

[15] Nadkarni, P., Chepurny, O.G., and Holz, G.G., 2014, Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis by GLP-1, Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci., 121, 23–65.

[16] Ali, M.S.M., and Crozier, A., 2010, Analysis of phenolics in Anacardium occidentale shoot extracts using a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS), J. Trop. Agric. Food Sci., 38 (2), 221–230.

[17] Jaiswal, Y., Naik, V., Tatke, P., Gabhe, S., and Vaidya, A. 2012, Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical investigations of Anacardium occidentale (Linn.) leaves, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci, 4 (3), 625–631.

[18] Malviya, N., Jain, S., and Malviya, S., 2010, Antidiabetic potential of medicinal plants, Acta Pol. Pharm., 67 (2), 113–118.

[19] Nugroho, A.E., Malik, A., and Pramono, S., 2013, Total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and in vitro antihypertension activity of purified extract of Indonesian cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale L.). Int. Food Res. J., 20 (1), 299–305.

[20] Kögel, I., and Zech, W., 1985, The phenolic acid content of cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale L.) and of the associated humus layer, Senegal, Geoderma, 35 (2), 119–125.

[21] Jähne, A., Fritzen, C., and Weissenböck, G., 1993, Chalcone synthase and flavonoid products in primary-leaf tissues of rye and maize, Planta, 189 (1), 39–46.

[22] Krygier, K., Sosulski, F., and Hogge, L., 1982, Free, esterified, and insoluble-bound phenolic acids. 1. Extraction and purification procedure, J. Agric. Food Chem., 30 (2), 330–334.

[23] Dvořáková, M., Guido, L.F., Dostálek, P., Skulilová, Z., Moreira, M.M., and Barros, A.A., 2008, Antioxidant properties of free, soluble ester and insoluble-bound phenolic compounds in different barley varieties and corresponding malts, J. Inst. Brew., 114 (1), 27–33.

[24] Singh, R.S.G., Negi, P.S., and Radha, C., 2013, Phenolic composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of free and bound phenolic extracts of Moringa oleifera seed flour, J. Funct. Foods, 5 (4), 1883–1891.

[25] Promega, 2015, DPPIV-Glo^TM Protease Assay, Technical Bulletin, TB339, Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

[26] Makkar, H.P.S., Dawra, R.K., and Singh, B., 1991, Tannins levels in leaves of some oak species at a different stage of maturity, J. Sci. Food Agric., 54 (4), 513–519.

[27] Fan, J., Johnson, M.H., Lila, M.A., Yousef, G., and de Mejia, E.G., 2013, Berry and citrus phenolic compounds inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV: Implications in diabetes management, Evid.-Based Complementary Altern. Med., 2013, 479505.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.44807