KINETICS OF PALM OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION IN METHANOL WITH POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE AS A CATALYST

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21625

Yoeswono Yoeswono(1*), Triyono Triyono(2), Iqmal Tahir(3)

(1) Training Center BP Migas, Jl. Sorogo no 1, Cepu, Central Java
(2) Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Yogyakarta, 55281
(3) Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Yogyakarta, 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


A study on palm oil transesterification to evaluate the effect of some parameters in the reaction on the reaction kinetics has been carried out. Transesterification was started by preparing potassium methoxide from potassium hydroxide and methanol and then mixed it with the palm oil. An aliquot was taken at certain time interval during transesterification and poured into test tube filled with distilled water to stop the reaction immediately. The oil phase that separated from the glycerol phase by centrifugation was analyzed by 1H-NMR spectrometer to determine the percentage of methyl ester conversion. Temperature and catalyst concentration were varied in order to determine the reaction rate constants, activation energies, pre-exponential factors, and effective collisions. The results showed that palm oil transesterification in methanol with 0.5 and 1 % w/w KOH/palm oil catalyst concentration appeared to follow pseudo-first order reaction. The rate constants increase with temperature. After 13 min of reaction, More methyl esters were formed using KOH 1 % than using 0.5 % w/w KOH/palm oil catalyst concentration. The activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) for reaction using 1 % w/w KOH was lower than those using 0.5 % w/w KOH.


Keywords


palm oil; transesterification; catalyst; first order kinetics; activation energy; pre-exponential factor

Full Text:

Full Text Pdf


References

[1] Sayles, S., and Ohmes, R., 2005, Hydrocarbon Process., 2, 84, 39-43.

[2] Knothe, G., Dunn, R. O., and Bagby, M. O., 1997, Biodiesel: The Use of Vegetable Oils and Their Derivatives as Alternative Diesel Fuels, Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, ACS Symposium Series, V, 666.

[3] Srivastava, A. and Prasad, R., 2000, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 4, 111-133.

[4] Schuchardt, U., Sercheli R., and Vargas, R. M., 1998, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 9, 1, 199-210.

[5] Pinto, A. C., Guarieiro, L. L. N., Rezende, M. J. C., Ribeiro, N. M., Torres, E. A., Lopes, W. A., de P Pereira, P. A.. and de Andrade, J. B., 2005, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 16, 6B, 1313-1330.

[6] Ma, F., and Hanna, M. A., 1999, Bioresour. Technol., 70, 1-15.

[7] Yoeswono, Tahir, I., and Triyono, 2007, The Use of Ash of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as a Source of Base Catalyst for Synthesis of Biodiesel from Palm Kernel Oil, Proc. of the 1st International Conference on Chemical Sciences, Yogyakarta.

[8] Foon, C. S., May, C. Y., Ngan, M. A., and Hock, C. C., 2004, J. Oil Palm Res., 16, 2, 19-29

[9] Darnoko, D., and Cheryan, M., 2000, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, 19574, 1263-1267.

[10] Encinar, J. M., Gonzalez J. F., Rodrıguez, J. J., and Tejedor A., 2002, Energy Fuels, 16, 443-450.

[11] Noureddini, H. and Zhu, D., 1997, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 74, 11, 1457-1463.

[12] Kurata, S., Yamaguchi, K., and Nagai, M., 2005, Jpn. Soc. Anal. Chem., 21, 1457-1465.

[13] Knothe, G., 2000, M J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, 9483, 489–493.

[14] May, C. Y., 2004, J. Oil Palm Res., 16, 2, 1-11.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21625

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 5307 | views : 3868


Copyright (c) 2010 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.