ESTERIFICATION OF FATTY ACID FROM PALM OIL WASTE (SLUDGE OIL) BY USING ALUM CATALYST

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21522

Thamrin Usman(1*), Lucy Ariany(2), Winda Rahmalia(3), Romi Advant(4)

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Ahmad Yani Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 79124
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Ahmad Yani Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 79124
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Ahmad Yani Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 79124
(4) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Ahmad Yani Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 79124
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Esterification of fatty acids from palm oil waste (sludge oil) as biodiesel liquid base has been done by using alum [Al2(SO4)3.14H2O] catalyst. Some reaction variables like reaction time, catalyst quantity, and molar ratio of sample-reactant was applied for optimal reaction. Yield of 94.66% was obtained at reaction condition 65 °C, 5 h, sample-reactant ratio 1:20, and catalyst quantity 3% (w/w). GC-MS analysis request showed that composition of methyl esters biodiesel are methyl caproic (0.67%), methyl lauric (0.21%), methyl miristic (1.96%), methyl palmitic (49.52%), methyl oleic (41.51%), and methyl stearic (6.13%). Physical properties of synthesized product (viscosity, refraction index and density) are similar with those of commercial product.


Keywords


alum; biodiesel; esterification; sludge oil

Full Text:

Full Text PDF


References

[1] Usman, T., Winda, R., Agus, K., and Rizmahardian, A.K., 2009, Metode Pembuatan Ester Asam Lemak dari Daging Buah Kelapa melalui Transesterifikasi, Paten Indonesia, ID P 0023215.

[2] Usman, T., Syahrul, M., Agus. K., and Winda, R., 2009, Direct Transesterification of Palm Kernel with Methanol by Using Empty Palm Bunch Ash Catalyst, The First International Seminar on Science and Technology, Yogyakarta, (January 24, 2009).

[3] Harfiah, 2007, Buletin Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, 6, 2, 5-6.

[4] Yaser, A.Z., Rahman, R.A., and Kalil, S., 2007, Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10, 24, 4473-4478.

[5] Thenot, J.P., Horning, E.C., Stafford, M., and Horning, M.G., Anal. Lett., 5, 4, 217-223.

[6] Usman, T., Fahrianto, and Andi, K.A., 2005, Esterifikasi Asam Lemak Bebas dari Limbah Minyak Sawit Mentah dengan Etanol Menggunakan Katalis p-toluena sulfonat, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Tanjungpura, (Skripsi).

[7] Suirta, I.W., 2009, Jurnal Kimia, 3, 1, 1-6.

[8] Peters, T.A., Niecs, E.B., and Keurentjes, J.T.F., 2008, Appl. Catal., A, 317, 1, 113-119.

[9] Jaimasith, M. and Phiyanalinmat, S., 2007, Chiang Mai J. Sci., 34, 2, 201-207.

[10] Rasidi, 2004, Kinetika Esterifikasi Asam Lemak Bebas dari Minyak Sawit, Central Library InstituteTechnology Bandung.

[11] Tsvetkova, B., Tencheva, J., and Peikov, P., 2006, Acta Pharm., 56, 251-257.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21522

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2482 | views : 8357


Copyright (c) 2010 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.