THE OPTIMIZATION OF ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS FOR LAUROYL-N-METHYL GLUCAMIDE SURFACTANTS

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21384

Zuhrina Masyithah(1*), Seri Bima Sembiring(2), Zul Alfian(3), Tjahjono Herawan(4)

(1) Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Sumatera, Jl. Almamater Kampus USU Medan 20155
(2) Department of Chemistry, University of North Sumatera, Jl. Almamater Kampus USU Medan 20155
(3) Department of Chemistry, University of North Sumatera, Jl. Almamater Kampus USU Medan 20155
(4) Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI), Jl. Brigjen Katamso 51, Medan
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The optimization of enzymatic synthesis for lauroyl-N-methyl glucamide surfactants is studied. The fraction of palm kernel oil namely lauric acid (AL) was amidificationed with N-methyl glucamine (MGL) to produce lauroyl-N-methyl glucamide. Study was carried out by using immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozyme 435®), and tert-amylalcohol as a solvent. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a five level, three variable design was employed, firstly, for studying the interactive effect of various parameters on the reaction, and secondly, for the optimization. The reaction parameters observed were Novozyme concentration, substrate molar ratio, and temperature. Simultaneously increasing Novozyme concentration, substrate molar ratio, and temperature improves the reaction yield and the effect of temperature is noted more significant. The expected optimum condition was at molar ratio MGL:AL 1:1, the Novozyme concentration of 8% and the reaction temperature of 50-55 °C. The reactions at the optimum condition produce the convertion of lauric acid of 64.5% and yield of 96.5%. With the optimization procedure the higher alkyl glucamide yield was achieved.

Keywords


amidification; lauric acid; N-methyl glucamine; Response Surface Methodology

Full Text:

Full Text PDF


References

[1] Kurniasih, E., 2008, Pemanfaatan Asam Lemak Sawit Distilat sebagai Bahan Baku Dietanolamida Menggunakan Lipase (Rhizomucor meihei), Thesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara.

[2] Maria S., and Holmberg, K., 2005, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 291, 570–576.

[3] Maugard, T., Remaud-Simeon, M., Petre, D., and Monsan, P., 1998, J. Mol. Sci., 5, 13–17.

[4] Soo, E.L., Salleh, A.B., Basri, M., Rahman, R.N.Z.A., and Kamaruddin, K., 2003, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 95, 361–367.

[5] Herawan, T., 2004, Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification of Plants Oils with Dialkyl Carbonates, Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen Germany.

[6] Dolores, R.D., Castillo, E., Martinez, R., and Munguia, A.L., 2002, Biotechnol. Lett., 24, 2057–2061.

[7] Soledad, C., Dominguez, P., and Sinisterra, J.V., 2000, Tetrahedron, 56, 1387–1391.

[8] Noor, I.M., Hasan, M., and Ramachandran, K.B., 2003, Process Biochem., 39, 13–20.

[9] Tufvesson, P., Annerling, A., Hatti-Kaul, R., and Adlescrentz, D., 2007, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 97, 3, 447–453.

[10] Rodrigues, L., Teixeira, J., Oliveira, R., and Henny C., 2006, Process Biochem., 41, 1–10.

[11] Hamsaveni, D.R., Prapulla, S.G., and Divakar, S., 2001, Process Biochem., 36, 1103–1109.

[12] Krishna, S.H., Sattur, A.P., and Karanth, N.G., 2001, Process Biochem., 37, 9–16.

[13] Soo, E.L., Salleh, A.B., Basri, M., Rahman, R.N.Z.A., and Kamaruddin, K., 2004, Process Biochem., 39, 1511-1518.

[14] Ramkrishna, S., and Swaminathan, T., 2004, Biochem. Eng. J., 21, 141–148.

[15] Sharma, J., Batovska, D., Kuwamori, Y., and Asano, Y., 2005, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 100, 6, 662–666.

[16] Holmberg, K., 2001, Colloid Interface Sci., 6, 148–159.

[17] Warwel, S., Bruse, F., Demes, C., Kunz, M., and Klass, M.R., 2001, Chemosphere, 43, 39–48.

[18] Montgomery, D.C., 1997, Design and analysis of experiments, 5th Ed., John Wiley and Son Inc.

[19] Masyithah, Z., Herawan, T., Sembiring, S.B., and Alfian, Z., 2009, Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Alkanolamides by Amidification Reaction, International Seminar on Chemistry and Polymer 2009, Medan, March 2009.

[20] Infante, M.R., Perez, L., Pinazo, A., Clapes, P., Moran, M.C., Angelet, M., Garcia, M.T., and Vinardell, M.P., 2004, Chimie, 7, 583–392.

[21] Mangunwidjaja, D., and Suryani, A., 1994, Teknologi Bioproses, Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta, 112–113.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21384

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1850 | views : 1822


Copyright (c) 2011 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 


Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web
Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.