Transesterification of Coconut Oil Using Dimethyl Carbonate and TiO2/SiO2 Heterogeneous Catalyst

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21325

Kamisah D. Pandiangan(1*), Wasinton Simanjuntak(2)

(1) Department of Chemistry, University of Lampung, Jl. Prof. Soemantri Brojonegoro No.1 Bandar Lampung
(2) Department of Chemistry, University of Lampung, Jl. Prof. Soemantri Brojonegoro No.1 Bandar Lampung
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


In this study, transesterification of coconut oil with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) for preparing biodiesel has been studied using TiO2/SiO2 as heterogeneous catalyst, with the main purpose to investigate the effect of molar ratio of DMC to oil. The product was analyzed by GC-MS to identify the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) composting the biodiesel. The significant role of the DMC to oil ratio was observed in this study, in which the oil conversion was found to increase with increasing molar ratio of DMC : Oil, with the highest percent of conversion of 88.44%. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of methyl esters in accordance with the composition of coconut oil commonly reported. Formation of FAMEs was verified by 1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis, which also suggested that some of the fatty acids remain unconverted into biodiesel. The biodiesel produced was found to have kinematic viscosity of 2.4 mm2/S at 40 °C, flash point of 103 °C, and cetane number of 54.

Keywords


coconut oil; transesterification; heterogeneous catalyst; dimethyl carbonate; fatty acid methyl ester

Full Text:

Full Text Pdf


References

[1] Vicente, G., Martinez, M., and Aracil, J., 2004, Bioresour. Technol., 92, 3, 297–305.

[2] Boucher, M.B., Unker, S.A., Hawley, K.R., Wilhite, B.A., Stuart, J.D., and Parnas, R.S., 2008, Green Chem., 10, 12, 1331–1336.

[3] Marchetti J.M., and Errazu A.F., 2008, Biomass Bioenergy, 32, 9, 892–895.

[4] Di Serio, M., Tesser, R., Dimiccoli, M., Cammarota, F., Nastasi, M., and Santacesaria, E., 2005, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 239, 1-2, 111–115.

[5] Saifuddin, N., Raziah, A.Z., and Farah, H.N., 2009, E-J. Chem., 6, S1, S485–S495.

[6] Goff, M.J., Bauer, N.S., Lopes, S., Sutterlin, W.R., and Suppes, G.J., 2004, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 81, 4, 415–420.

[7] Galadima, A., and Garba, Z.N., 2009, Sci. World J., 4, 4, 1–5.

[8] Singh, A., He, B., Thompson, J., and Van Gerpen, J., 2006, Appl. Eng. Agric., 22, 4, 597–600.

[9] Van Gerpen, J., Shanks, B., Pruszko, R., Clement, D., and Knothe, G., 2004, Biodiesel Production Technology, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado.

[10] Liu, X., Huayang, H, Yujun, W., Shenlin, Z., and Piao, X., 2008, Fuel, 87, 2, 216–221.

[11] Zhu, H., Wu, Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, P., Duan, S., Liu, X., and Mao, Z., 2006, Chin. J. Catal., 27, 5, 391–396.

[12] Suppes, G.J., Dasari, M.A., Doskocil, E.J., Mankidy, P.J., and Goff, M.J., 2004, Appl. Catal., A, 257, 2, 213–223.

[13] Xie, W., Yang, Z., and Chun, H., 2007, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 46, 24, 7942–7949.

[14] Albuquerque, M.C.G., Jiménez-Urbistondo, I., Santamaría-González, J., Mérida-Robles, J.M., Moreno-Tost, R., Rodríguez-Castellón, E., Jiménez-López, A., Azevedo, D.C.S., Cavalcante Jr., C.L., and Maireles-Torres, P., 2008, Appl. Catal. A, 334, 1-2, 35–43.

[15] Jitputti, J., Kitiyanan, B., Rangsunvigit, P., Bunyakiat, K., Attanatho, L., and Jenvanitpanjakul, P., 2006, Chem. Eng. J., 116, 61–66.

[16] Park, Y-M., Chung, S-H., Eom, H.J., Lee, J-S., and Lee, K-Y., 2010, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 17, 6589–6593.

[17] Srinivas, D., Srivastava, R., and Ratnasamy, P., 2004, Catal. Today, 96, 3, 127–133.

[18] Fabbri, D., Bevoni, V., Notari, M., and Rivetti, F., 2007, Fuel, 86, 5-6, 690–697.

[19] Daifullah, A.A.M., Girgis, B.S., and Gad, H.M.H., 2004, Mater. Lett., 57, 11, 1723–1731.

[20] Pandiangan, K.D., Wasinton, S., Irwan, G.S., and Novesar, J., 2009, Metode Ekstraksi Silika dari Sekam Padi, Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Lampung, 30 December 2009, P00200900776.

[21] Kalapathy, U., Proctor, A., and Shultz, J., 2000, Bioresour. Technol., 73, 257–262.

[22] de Lima, S.P.B., de Vasconcelos, R.P., Paiva, O.A., Cordeiro, G.C., Chaves, M.R.M., Filho, R.D.T., and Fairbairn, E.M.R., 2011, Quim. Nova, 34, 1, 71–75.

[23] Ogawa, H., Fujigaki, T., and Saito, H., 2004, Bull. Tokyo Gakugei Univ., IV, 53–56.

[24] Abreu, F.R., Lima, D.G., Hamù, E.H., Wolf, C., and Suarez, P.A.Z., 2004, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem, 209, 1-2, 29–33.

[25] Morgenstern, M., Cline, J., Meyer, S., and Cataldo, S., 2006, Energy Fuels, 20, 4, 1350–1353.

[26] Diehl, B., and Randel, G., 2007, Lipid Technol., 19, 11, 258–260.

[27] Horst, M.T., Urbin, S., Burton, R., and MacMillan, C., 2009, Lipid Technol., 21, 2, 39–41.

[28] Xie, W., and Li, H., 2006, J. Mol. Catal A: Chem., 255, 1-2, 1–9.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21325

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3003 | views : 2786


Copyright (c) 2013 Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

 


Indonesian Journal of Chemistry (ISSN 1411-9420 /e-ISSN 2460-1578) - Chemistry Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

Web
Analytics View The Statistics of Indones. J. Chem.