Theoretical Study on the Extraction of Alkaline Earth Salts by 18-Crown-6: Roles of Counterions, Solvent Types and Extraction Temperatures

Saprizal Hadisaputra; Lorenz R Canaval; Harno Dwi Pranowo; Ria Armunanto

doi:10.22146/ijc.21259

Theoretical Study on the Extraction of Alkaline Earth Salts by 18-Crown-6: Roles of Counterions, Solvent Types and Extraction Temperatures

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21259

Saprizal Hadisaputra⁽¹⁾, Lorenz R Canaval⁽²⁾, Harno Dwi Pranowo^(3*), Ria Armunanto⁽⁴⁾

(1) Chemistry Education Division, Faculty of Teacher Training and Science Education, Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62, Mataram 83251
(2) Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck
(3) Austrian Indonesian Centre for Computational Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281
(4) Austrian Indonesian Centre for Computational Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The roles of counterions, solvent types and extraction temperatures on the selectivity of 18-crown-6 (L) toward alkaline earth salts MX₂ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba; X = Cl^-, NO₃^-) have been studied by density functional method at B3LYP level of theory in gas and solvent phase. In gas phase, the chloride anion Cl^- is the preference counterion than nitrate anion NO₃^-. This result is confirmed by the interaction energies, the second order interaction energies, charge transfers, energy difference between HOMO-LUMO and electrostatic potential maps. The presence of solvent reversed the gas phase trend. It is found that NO₃^- is the preference counterion in solvent phase. The calculated free energies demonstrate that the solvent types strongly change the strength of the complex formation. The free energies are exothermic in polar solvent while for the non polar solvent the free energies are endothermic. As the temperature changes the free energies also vary where the higher the temperatures the lower the free energy values. The calculated free energies are correlated well with the experimental stability constants. This theoretical study would have a strong contribution in planning the experimental conditions in terms of the preference counterions, solvent types and optimum extraction temperatures.

Keywords

DFT; crown ether; counterion; solvent; temperature

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21259