Betel Nut Peel Powder as Biosorbent for Mg(II), Ca(II), and Fe(III) in Agricultural Water

Carissa Ayu Susiana; Feri Mukhayani; Erwinton Simatupang; Fajar Inggit Pambudi; I Wayan Sumerta; Guntur Mulyanegara; Mohammad Nur Samudin; Dedo Kevin Prayoga; Nuryono Nuryono

doi:10.22146/ijc.104229

Betel Nut Peel Powder as Biosorbent for Mg(II), Ca(II), and Fe(III) in Agricultural Water

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.104229

Carissa Ayu Susiana⁽¹⁾, Feri Mukhayani⁽²⁾, Erwinton Simatupang⁽³⁾, Fajar Inggit Pambudi⁽⁴⁾, I Wayan Sumerta⁽⁵⁾, Guntur Mulyanegara⁽⁶⁾, Mohammad Nur Samudin⁽⁷⁾, Dedo Kevin Prayoga⁽⁸⁾, Nuryono Nuryono^(9*)

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(3) PT. Pertamina EP Pendopo, Jl. Plaju No. 38 Komperta Pendopo, Talang Ubi Kab. Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI), South Sumatera 31211, Indonesia
(4) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(5) PT. Pertamina EP Pendopo, Jl. Plaju No. 38 Komperta Pendopo, Talang Ubi Kab. Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI), South Sumatera 31211, Indonesia
(6) PT. Pertamina EP Pendopo, Jl. Plaju No. 38 Komperta Pendopo, Talang Ubi Kab. Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI), South Sumatera 31211, Indonesia
(7) PT. Pertamina EP Pendopo, Jl. Plaju No. 38 Komperta Pendopo, Talang Ubi Kab. Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI), South Sumatera 31211, Indonesia
(8) PT. Pertamina EP Pendopo, Jl. Plaju No. 38 Komperta Pendopo, Talang Ubi Kab. Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI), South Sumatera 31211, Indonesia
(9) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Water pollution from heavy metal contamination is a global issue; finding low-cost and sustainable solutions is challenging. Among various methods, biomass adsorption is a practical approach for treating heavy metal contamination in agricultural water. This study explored the use of betel nut peel as a biosorbent to remove Mg(II), Ca(II), and Fe(III) ions from agricultural water. The adsorbent contained active groups like −OH, C=O, and C=C, indicating cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose compounds. Mature betel nut peels showed higher adsorption capacities than immature ones due to their larger surface area and more active sites. The optimal adsorption occurred at an initial adsorbate concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹ for 1 h, with 5 mg of biosorbent. The biosorbent followed the Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² = 0.99), indicating chemisorption. When applied to agricultural water from South Sumatra, the biosorbent removed up to 90% of Fe(III) ions. These findings suggest that betel nut peel powder has strong potential as a biosorbent for heavy metals, with promising applications in water treatment and environmental remediation. It also shows potential as a biofertilizer, particularly for soils rich in Fe(III).

Keywords

betel nut peel; biosorbent; metal ions; agricultural water

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.104229