* Corresponding Author
Requirements of Energy and Protein for Arabic Chicken Hens During Late Egg Production Period
https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v46i1.69852 Syafwan Syafwan(1*), Yatno Yatno(2), Ravido Multer Mahulae(3), Abraham Lincoln(4), Deby Isabela BR Sembiring(5)
(1) Faculty of Animal Science, Jambi University
(2) Faculty of Animal Science, Jambi University
(3) Faculty of Animal Science, Jambi University
(4) Faculty of Animal Science, Jambi University
(5) Faculty of Animal Science, Jambi University
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (CP) requirements of Arabic chicken hens during the late egg production period reared under a semi-scavenging system with free-choice feeding. A total of 112 sixty-two-week-old Arabic chicken hens were used. The treatments were control and the choice diet consisted of 6 replicate pens. Control hens received a control diet (2750 kcal of ME/kg and 14.1% of CP) complying with the Hy-line Brown Commercial Management Guide 2011, whereas the choice hens offered control and three other diets (high energy-high protein [3006 and 17.3], high energy-low protein [3089 and 12.7], and low energy-high protein [2656 and 17.0] kcal of ME/kg and % of CP, respectively). Feed, ME, and CP intake, the concentration of dietary ME and CP, and egg production were recorded weekly. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. The feeding method influenced feed intake, CP concentration, and ME concentration but had no significant effect on CP intake, ME intake, and egg production. Weekly feed intake of choice hens was lower than that of control hens (514.03 vs. 551.18 g /hen/week; P<0.03). Dietary concentrations of ME and CP in the choice hens were higher than those in the control hens (2957 vs. 2750 kcal of ME/kg; P<0.001 and 150.6 vs. 14.1 g of CP/kg; P<0.001). Egg production of the choice hens was not significantly higher than that of the control hens (51.17% vs. 46.82%; P>0.05). Feed intake, CP intake, and ME intake decreased significantly at week 66 onward, while egg production decreased at week 65 onward. It can be concluded that Arabic chicken hens in the late egg production period were able to adjust their energy and protein requirements by consuming more from high dietary energy than from a high dietary protein. Based on the choice feeding, ME and CP requirements for Arabic chicken hens during the late egg production period in the semi-scavenging system were 2957 kcal/kg and 151 g/kg and higher than ME and CP contain in the control diet of 2750 kcal/kg and 141 g/kg to maintain egg production. The egg mass and feed conversion ratio were better in the choice hens group.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Behura, N. C., F. Kumar, L. Samal, K. Sethy, and K. Behera. 2016. Use of Temperature-Humidity Index ( THI ) in energy modeling for broiler breeder pullets in hot and humid climatic conditions. J. Livest. Sci. 7:75–83. Available from: http://livestockscience.in/wp-content/uploads/brolerodisa.pdf Bigge, A. E., S. Purdum, and K. Hanford. 2018. Effect of xylanase on the performance of laying hens fed a low energy corn and soybean diet. Poult. Sci. 97:3183–3187. doi:10.3382/ps/pey200. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey200 Deng, W., X. F. Dong, J. M. Tong, and Q. Zhang. 2012. The probiotic Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens. Poult. Sci. 91:575–582. doi:10.3382/ps.2010-01293. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-01293 Fanatico, A. C., V. B. Brewer, C. M. Owens-Hanning, D. J. Donoghue, and A. M. Donoghue. 2013. Free-choice feeding of free-range meat chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 22:750–758. doi:10.3382/japr.2012-00687. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2012-00687 Fanatico, A. C., C. M. Owens-Hanning, V. B. Gunsaulis, and A. M. Donoghue. 2016. Choice feeding of protein concentrate and grain to organic meat chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 25:156–164. doi:10.3382/japr/pfv076. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1056617119302193 Hartawan, R., and N. L. P. I. Dharmayanti. 2016. The Meq Gene Molecular Profile of Marek’s Disease Virus Serotype 1 From Kampung and Arabic Chicken Farms in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. HAYATI J. Biosci. 23:160–167. doi:10.1016/j.hjb.2016.12.004. He, S. P., M. A. Arowolo, R. F. Medrano, S. Li, Q. F. Yu, J. Y. Chen, and J. H. He. 2018. Impact of heat stress and nutritional interventions on poultry production. Worlds. Poult. Sci. J. 74:647–664. doi:10.1017/S0043933918000727. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1017/S0043933918000727 Husmaini, H., and S. Sabrina. 2006. Egg production performance of offspring (F1) crossbred between Arabic and kampung chickens fed a diet with different level of protein. Indones. J. Anim. Sci. 11:18–24. HyLine. 2011. Hy-line Brown Commercial Management Guide. Hy-Line, Australia. Khawajaa, T., S. H. Khanb, N. Mukhtara, M. A. Ali, T. Ahmed, and A. Ghafar. 2012. Comparative study of growth performance, egg production, egg characteristics and haemato-biochemical parameters of Desi, Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red chicken. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 40:273–283. doi:10.1080/09712119.2012.672310. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09712119.2012.672310 Khoddami, A., P. V. Chrystal, P. H. Selle, and S. Y. Liu. 2018. Dietary starch to lipid ratios influence growth performance, nutrient utilisation and carcass traits in broiler chickens offered diets with different energy densities. C. Óvilo, editor. PLoS One. 13:e0205272. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205272. Available from: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205272 Littell, R. C., P. R. Henry, and C. B. Ammerman. 1998. Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1216. doi:10.2527/1998.7641216x. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jas/article/76/4/1216-1231/4625238 Liu, S. Y., P. H. Selle, D. Raubenheimer, D. J. Cadogan, S. J. Simpson, and A. J. Cowieson. 2016. An assessment of the influence of macronutrients on growth performance and nutrient utilisation in broiler chickens by nutritional geometry. Br. J. Nutr. 116:2129–2138. doi:10.1017/S0007114516004190. Naseem, S., and A. J. King. 2020. Effect of Lactobacilli on production and selected compounds in blood, the liver, and manure of laying hens. J. Appl. Poult. ResApplied Poult. R. 29:339–351. Poosuwan, K., C. Bunchasak, and C. Kaewtapee. 2010. Long-term feeding effects of dietary protein levels on egg production, immunocompetence and plasma amino acids of laying hens in subtropical condition. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 94:186–195. Roberts, S. A., H. Xin, B. J. Kerr, J. R. Russell, and K. Bregendahl. 2007. Effects of dietary fiber and reduced crude protein on ammonia emission from laying-hen manure. Poult. Sci. 86:1625–1632. doi:10.1093/ps/86.8.1625. Shim, M. Y., E. Song, L. Billard, S. E. Aggrey, G. M. Pesti, and P. Sodsee. 2013. Effects of balanced dietary protein levels on egg production and egg quality parameters of individual commercial layers. Poult. Sci. 92:2687–2696. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02569 Sugiharto, S., T. Yudiarti, I. Isroli, E. Widiastuti, and E. Kusumanti. 2017. Dietary supplementation of probiotics in poultry exposed to heat stress - A review. Ann. Anim. Sci. 17:591–604. doi:10.1515/aoas-2016-0062. Syafwan, Noferdiman, S. Zubaida, T. M. Pasaribu, and Adrizal. 2021. Estimation of energy and protein requirements of Arabic hens during rearing period by free choice feeding. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 44:462–477. doi:10.5398/tasj.2021.44.4.462. Syafwan, S., R. P. Kwakkel, and M. W. A. Verstegen. 2011. Heat stress and feeding strategies in meat-type chickens. Worlds. Poult. Sci. J. 67:653–674. doi:10.1017/S0043933911000742. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1017/S0043933911000742 Syafwan, S., and N. Noferdiman. 2020. Requirements of Energy and Protein for Arabic Chicken During Early Egg Production. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 43:339–346. doi:10.5398/tasj.2020.43.4.339. Syafwan, S., G. J. D. Wermink, R. P. Kwakkel, and M. W. A. Verstegen. 2012. Dietary self-selection by broilers at normal and high temperature changes feed intake behavior, nutrient intake, and performance. Poult. Sci. 91:537–549. doi:10.3382/ps.2011-01559. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0032579119402162 Torki, M., A. Mohebbifar, H. A. Ghasemi, and A. Zardast. 2014. Response of laying hens to feeding low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets under high ambient temperature: performance, egg quality, leukocyte profile, blood lipids, and excreta pH. Int. J. Biometeorol. 59:575–584. doi:10.1007/s00484-014-0870-0. Walter, W. S., A. M. George, A. C. Elizabeth, and D. W. Russel. 2018. SAS for Mixed Models: Introduction and Basic Applications. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. Wang, W. C., F. F. Yan, J. Y. Hu, O. A. Amen, and H. W. Cheng. 2018. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic reduces heat stress-related behaviors and inflammatory response in broiler chickens. J. Anim. Sci. 96:1654–1666. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky092 Wang, Z., and L. A. Goonewardene. 2004. The use of MIXED models in the analysis of animal experiments with repeated measures data. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1–11. doi:10.4141/a03-123.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v46i1.69852
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 823
| 
views : 835
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Buletin Peternakan (Bulletin of Animal Science) Indexed by:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.