Renal Protective and Lipid Profile Modulatory Effects of Ethanol Extract of Anthocleista vogelii Stem Bark (EASB) in Renal Injury Rats Induced with Carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4)
Robert Ikechukwu Uroko(1*), Nnanna Charles Chukwu(2), Paul Chukwuemaka Nweje-anyalowu(3), Chinonso Friday Aaron(4)
(1) Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State
(2) Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State
(3) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Clifford University, Owerrinta, Abia State
(4) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical and Biological Sciences, Uturu, Abia State
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of ethanol extract of Anthocleista vogelii stem bark (EASB) on renal function indices and lipid profile in rats induced renal injury with CCl4. Following a completely randomized experimental design, 30 rats were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n = 5). Group 1 was the normal control, group 2 was the negative control while group 3 was the silymarin control. Groups 4 – 6 were CCl4 induced but treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EASB/day respectively. The study was conducted using appropriate methods. The results showed that the negative control had a significant (P<0.05) increase in the serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations, and a significant reduction in the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration relative to the normal control. Treatments with EASB lowered the serum creatinine, urea, and TAG concentrations when compared with the negative and silymarin controls respectively. The EASB at 100 mg/kg restored the serum HDL concentration to a normal level but 200 and 400 mg/kg EASB/day caused no significant (P>0.05) increase in the serum HDL concentrations relative to the negative control. The rats treated with EASB had elevated serum LDL and cholesterol concentrations in comparison with the negative and silymarin controls. Treatments with EASB prevented the tubular necrosis, degeneration, and infiltration of inflammatory leucocytes observed in the kidney histomorphology of the negative control. These findings suggest that EASB improves renal function and some lipid profile parameters but could cause dyslipidemia when taken in excess dose.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abraham, P.& Wilfred, G., 1999, ‘Oxidative damage to the lipids and proteins of the lungs, testis, and kidney of rats during carbon tetrachloride intoxication’, Clin Chim Acta. 289(1-2), 177-179.
Alaribe, C.S., Coker, H.A., Shode, F.O., Ayoola, G., Adesegun, S.A., et al., 2012, ‘Antiplasmodial and phytochemical investigations of leaf extract of Anthocleista vogelii (Planch)’ J Nat Prod. 5, 60-67.
Albers, J.J., Warnick, G.R., Chenng, M.C., 1978, ‘Quantitation of high-density lipoproteins’, Lipids. 13(12), 926-932.
Allain, C.C., Poon, L.S., Chan, C.S., Richmond, W.F.P.C., Fu, P.C., 1974, ‘Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol’, Clin Chem. 20(4), 470-475.
Anand, K.V., Anandhi, R., Pakkiyaraj, M., Geraldine, P., 2011, ‘Protective effect of chrysin on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced tissue injury in male Wistar rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 27(10), 923-933.
Anyanwu, G.O., Onyeneke, E.C., Usunobun, U., Adegbegi, A.J., 2013. Impact of Anthocleista vogelii root bark ethanolic extract on weight reduction in high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity in male Wistar rats. Afr J Biochem Res. 7(11), 225-232.
Anyanwu, P.I., Tarfa, F.D., Shamaki, D.E., Anyanwu, G.O., 2011, ‘Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Anthocleista vogelii Planch Root Bark Extracts’, In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 210(1), 012006.
Chukwu, C., Uroko, R., Egba, S., Adamude, F., Asadu, C., 2020, ‘Effects of Combined Ethanol Extract of Anthocleista Vogelii and Alstonia Boonei Stem Barks on Liver Function Indices in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Induced Rats’, Niger J Pharm Sci. 16(2), 191-201.
Duka, A., Fotakis, P., Georgiadou, D., Kateifides, A., Tzavlaki, K., et al., 2013, ‘ApoA-IV promotes the biogenesis of apoA-IV-containing HDL particles with the participation of ABCA1 and LCAT’, J Lipid Res. 54(1), 107-115.
Fawcett, J.K. & Scott, J., 1960, ‘A rapid and precise method for the determination of urea’, J Clin Pathol. 13(2), 156-159.
Friedelwald, W.T., Levy, R.I., Fredrickson, D.S. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without the use of the preparative ultracentrifuge’, Clin Chem. 18(6), 499-502.
Henry, T.J., 1964, Clinical chemistry principles and techniques (2th ed.). New York: Harper and Row Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499
Hermenean, A., Ardelean, A., Stan, M., Herman, H., Mihali, C. V., et al., 2013, ‘Protective effects of naringenin on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute nephrotoxicity in mouse kidney’, Chem Biol Interact. 205(2), 138-147.
Hsouna, A.B., Saoudi, M., Trigui, M., Jamoussi, K., Boudawara, T., Jaoua, S., El Feki, A., 2011,’ Characterization of bioactive compounds and ameliorative effects of Ceratonia siliqua leaf extract against CCl4 induced hepatic oxidative damage and renal failure in rats’ Food Chem Toxicol. 49(12), 3183-3191.
Igoli, J.O., Ogaji, O.G., Tor-Anyiin, T.A., Igoli N.P., 2005, ‘Traditional medicine practice amongst the Igede People of Nigeria’, Part II. Afr J Tradit Complement. Altern Med. 2(2), 134–152.
Keay, R.W.J., Onochie, C.F.A., Stanfield, D.P., 1964, Nigerian tree. Federal Department of Forestry Research, Ibadan. Volume II. pp., 16-187.
Ncube, N.S., Afolayan, A.J., Okoh, A.I., 2008, ‘Assessment techniques of antimicrobial properties of natural compounds of plant origin: current methods and future trends. Afr J Biotechnol. 7 (12), 1797-1806.
NRC, 2010. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th Edition, National Research Council (NRC), National Academies Press, Washington DC, USA.
Ogamba, J.O., Eze, N.A., Ogamba, S.E., Chilaka, K.C.C., 2010, ‘Phytochemical and biological activities of Justicia secunda’, Trop J Med Res. 142 (1), 1-6.
Okwu, D.E., 2001, ‘Evaluation of the chemical composition of indigenous spices and flavouring agents’, J Sci. 7, 455-459.
Oladimeji, S.O., Igbalaye, J.O., Coleshowers, C.L., 2014, ‘Immunological biomarkers determined in female rats administered with pro-fertility extract of Anthocleista vogelii’, J Nat Sci Res. 4(8), 113-123.
Osadebe, P.O., Uzor, P.F., Omeje, E.O., Agbo, M.O., Obonga, W.O., 2014, ‘Hypoglycemic activity of the extract and fractions of Anthocleista vogelii (Planch) stem bark’, Trop J Pharm Res. 13, 1437–1443.
Plant Resources of Tropical Africa/Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale (PROTA), Wageningen, Netherlands Anthocleista vogelii. <http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp>. Accessed 11 December, 2020.
Powell, S.R. 2000, ‘The antioxidant properties of zinc’, J Nutr. 130, 1447S-1454S.
Shoji, T., Nishizawa, Y., Kawagishi, T., Tanaka, M., Kawasaki, K., et al., 1997, ‘Atherogenic lipoprotein changes in the absence of hyperlipidemia in patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis’, Atherosclerosis. 131: 229–236.
Singh, K., Rohatgi A., 2018, ‘Examining the paradox of high high-density lipoprotein and elevated cardiovascular risk’, J Thorac Dis. 10(1), 109-112.
Sunday, R.M., Ilesanmi, O.R., Obuotor, E.M., 2016, ‘Anti-diabetic effect of Anthocleista vogelii ethanolic root extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Res J Med Plant. 10(1), 79-88.
Uroko, R.I., Sangodare R.S.A., Onyeabo C., Agbafor A., Uchenna O.N., et al., 2020, ‘Investigation of antioxidant compositions and antioxidative activities of ethanol extract of Alstonia boonei stem bark’, Niger J Pharm Sci. 16(1), 71-80.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.69540
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 1184 | views : 1146Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Majalah Obat Tradisional
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada