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Efek Panoptikon Orde Baru dalam Cerkak Berjudul Seksi Saka Menara Karya Suparto Brata
Corresponding Author(s) : Ajeng Aisyah Fitria
Arnawa,
Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Edisi 1
Abstract
The ruling state employs various methods to control its citizens, both through legal institutions and through entities deemed "safe," such as schools and hospitals. This form of power ultimately creates what is known as the panopticon effect-a phenomenon where individuals feel as though they are constantly being watched, leading them to exercise caution to avoid committing unlawful acts. This concept is illustrated in the short story "Seksi Saka Menara" or "Witness from the Tower" by Suparto Brata. To explore this social phenomenon in depth, the research utilizes Foucault's panopticon theory. The methodology employed in this article is qualitative, incorporating data collection techniques that include a literature review. The data consists of quotations from the short story relevant to the panopticon effect. The results of this study indicate that the character Poniran becomes increasingly troubled and paranoid, leading him to entertain irrational speculations as a result of the panopticon effect. One of his excessive speculations is the belief that the police can track money circulation through its serial numbers. The panopticon effect causes Poniran to feel constantly monitored, thereby discouraging him from committing dishonorable acts. The sources of this effect in the short story include religion, society, culture, and the New Order government.
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Negara yang berkuasa menggunakan berbagai cara untuk mengatur rakyatnya, baik melalui lembaga hukum maupun melalui lembaga yang dinilai “bersih”, seperti sekolah, rumah sakit, dan lain-lain. Bentuk kekuasaan tersebut pada akhirnya melahirkan efek panoptikon, yaitu sebuah efek ketika seseorang selalu merasa diawasi dan akhirnya berhati-hati agar tidak melakukan tindakan melanggar hukum. Hal tersebut tersepresentasikan dalam cerkak berjudul Seksi saka Menara atau Saksi dari Menara karya Suparto Brata. Untuk menyingkap fenomena sosial tersebut dengan detail, maka digunakan teori panoptikon Foucault. Dalam hal ini metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik studi pustaka. Datanya berupa kutipan-kutipan dalam cerkak yang berhubungan dengan efek panoptikon. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah, tokoh Poniran menjadi sangat gundah hingga memikirkan spekulasi-spekulasi tidak masuk akal dikarenakan secara tidak sadar dirinya telah terkena efek panoptikon. Salah satu spekulasi berlebihan tersebut adalah tokoh Poniran berpikir bahwa polisi dapat melacak pengedaran uang melalui nomor seri uang. Efek panoptikon membuat tokoh Poniran merasa diawasi sehingga tidak dapat dengan mudah melakukan perbuatan tercela. Sumber dari efek panoptikon dalam cerkak ini adalah agama, adat istiadat masyarakat, dan lembaga negara orde baru.
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