PENGATURAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN PELINDUNGAN HUKUM MASYARAKAT ADAT DI SEKTOR USAHA PERTAMBANGAN
Abstract
Abstract
This study aims to examine the human rights issues of indigenous peoples in mining areas. The research method used is qualitative with a normative juridical form. From the research conducted, it was found that the practice of utilizing natural resources in the last five decades still found many violations of human rights, especially those related to the rights of indigenous peoples. There are various conflicts over the rights to control and use of natural resources between indigenous peoples and the government or mining permit holders. These problems occur because the laws and regulations related to natural resources are still characterized by being centralized with reference to state-based resource management. The regulations made prioritize a sectoral approach, oriented to exploitation by ignoring the interests of conservation and sustainability of natural resources in order to achieve economic growth targets, prioritizing the interests of large-scale investors. So that there is a need for changes to the laws and regulations of the natural resource sector, especially in the mining sector, as well as encouraging the government to immediately ratify the draft law on indigenous peoples, as an effort to protect the rights of indigenous peoples in mining areas.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji problematika pelanggaran hak asasi manusia masyarakat adat di daerah pertambangan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kualitatif dengan bentuk yuridis normatif. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa praktek pemanfaatan sumber daya alam pada tiga dekade terakhir masih banyak ditemukan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan hak-hak masyarakat adat. Terdapat pelbagai konflik hak penguasaan dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam antara masyarakat adat dengan pemerintah atau pemegang izin pertambangan. Problematika tersebut terjadi karena peraturan perundang-undangan terkait sumber daya alam yang masih berciri sentralistik dengan mengacu pada manajemen yang berpusat pada pemerintah (state-based resource management). Peraturan yang dibuat mengedepankan pendekatan sektoral, berorientasi pada eksploitasi dengan mengabaikan kepentingan konservasi dan keberlanjutan sumber daya alam demi pencapaian target pertumbuhan ekonomi, mengutamakan kepentingan para investor berskala besar. Sehingga perlu adanya perubahan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan sektor sumber daya alam khususnya bidang pertambangan, serta mendorong pemerintah untuk segera mengesahkan rancangan undang-undangan masyarakat hukum adat, sebagai upaya melindungi hak-hak masyarakat adat di daerah pertambangan.
Copyright (c) 2023 Sutan Sorik, Anang Dwiatmoko
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