Menggugat Antroposentrisme Hukum: Kritik Etika Lingkungan terhadap Konsep Hak Atas Lingkungan dalam Kapitalisme Global
(Challenging Legal Anthropocentrism: An Environmental Ethics Critique towards the Concept of Rights to Environment in Global Capitalism)
Abstract
Abstract
The modern legal paradigm is rooted in an anthropocentric worldview that positions humans as the sole holders of legal subjectivity, while nature is reduced to an object of regulation and exploitation. This article critically examines the construction of the right to a healthy environment within modern law, particularly under global capitalism. Using a normative juridical method with philosophical and conceptual approaches, it explores how the anthropocentric foundations of legal norms contribute to the ecological crisis. Drawing from environmental ethics, ecofeminism, bioethics, and Earth Jurisprudence, this study deconstructs the human-centered notion of environmental rights and proposes an ecocentric reformulation of legal paradigms that recognizes nature’s intrinsic value, grounded in global comparative practices and Indonesia’s indigenous wisdom. The study concludes that achieving ecological justice requires not only normative reform but also an epistemological and ontological transformation in how law conceptualizes the human–nature relationship. The novelty of this research lies in integrating environmental ethics and Earth Jurisprudence into a coherent legal-philosophical framework for reimagining environmental rights in Indonesia.
Intisari
Paradigma hukum modern berakar pada cara pandang antroposentris yang menempatkan manusia sebagai satu-satunya subjek hukum, sementara alam direduksi menjadi objek pengaturan dan eksploitasi. Artikel ini mengkaji secara kritis konstruksi hak atas lingkungan hidup dalam kerangka hukum modern, khususnya dalam konteks kapitalisme global. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan filsafat hukum dan konseptual, kajian ini menelaah bagaimana fondasi antroposentris dalam hukum berkontribusi pada krisis ekologis. Melalui perspektif etika lingkungan, ekofeminisme, dan bioetika, artikel ini mendekonstruksi konsep hukum tentang hak atas lingkungan yang selama ini bersifat instrumentalistik dan berpusat pada manusia. Lebih lanjut, artikel ini menawarkan reformulasi paradigma hukum menuju pendekatan ekosentris yang mengakui nilai intrinsik alam, dengan mendasarkan pada praktik komparatif global serta kearifan lokal di Indonesia. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa transformasi hukum menuju keadilan ekologis tidak hanya memerlukan perubahan normatif, tetapi juga pergeseran epistemologis dan ontologis dalam cara hukum memandang relasi manusia dengan alam.
Kata Kunci: hukum lingkungan, antroposentrisme, ekofeminisme, keadilan ekologis, hak-hak alam
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatah Hidayatullah Hidayatullah

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