Telaah Paradigma Konstrukivisme Guba dan Lincoln dalam Putusan Peradilan Kasus Ferdy Sambo
(A Study of the Constructivist Paradigm of Guba and Lincoln in The Judicial Decision of The Ferdy Sambo Case)
Abstract
Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana paradigma konstruktivisme Guba dan Lincoln dapat diterapkan untuk menganalisis penalaran hukum dalam putusan pengadilan pada kasus Ferdy Sambo, sebuah perkara pidana menonjol yang melibatkan pembunuhan berencana oleh seorang perwira tinggi Kepolisian Republik Indonesia. Pertanyaan penelitian utama yang diajukan adalah: bagaimana faktor sosial dan kontekstual membentuk konstruksi realitas hukum dalam putusan pengadilan melalui pendekatan konstruktivisme? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi dokumen terhadap putusan pengadilan pada tingkat pertama, banding, dan kasasi. Paradigma konstruktivisme, yang menekankan relativisme dan konstruksi bersama atas makna, digunakan sebagai kerangka analisis untuk memahami bagaimana hakim menafsirkan fakta hukum dan membentuk narasi hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa putusan hukum tidak sepenuhnya didasarkan pada norma hukum formal, tetapi turut dipengaruhi oleh persepsi hakim, tekanan opini publik, dan wacana institusional, sehingga membentuk realitas hukum yang bersifat sosial dan tidak sepenuhnya objektif. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa paradigma konstruktivisme dapat memperluas pemahaman terhadap keadilan. Namun, hal tersebut sekaligus mengungkap keterbatasan dalam pencapaian kepastian hukum dalam konteks perkara yang bersifat politis dan sarat perhatian publik.
Abstract
This paper investigates how Guba and Lincoln’s constructivist paradigm can be applied to analyze judicial reasoning in the case of Ferdy Sambo, a high-profile criminal proceeding involving premeditated murder by a senior Indonesian police official. The central research question posed is: how do social and contextual factors shape the construction of legal reality within court decisions in the Sambo case through a constructivist lens? Utilizing a qualitative, document-based analysis of court rulings at the district, appellate, and supreme court levels, this study examines how judges interpret legal facts and construct legal narratives. The constructivist paradigm, which emphasizes relativism and the co-construction of meaning, provides a framework to understand how legal decisions are influenced not only by statutory provisions but also by socio-political dynamics and institutional discourse. Findings reveal that legal judgments are shaped through multi-actor interactions, including judicial perception, media framing, and public sentiment, reflecting a socially constructed reality rather than a purely objective legal truth. This study concludes that while constructivist analysis offers a broader understanding of justice, it also highlights the inherent limitations in pursuing legal certainty within highly politicized and publicized legal contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bunga Desyana Pratami, Iqbal Kamalludin Kamalludin, Ahmad Saparwadi, Ikhsan, Muhammad Ridho Sinaga
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