Resurgensi “The Command Theory Of Law” John Austin: Kedaulatan Dosis Tinggi Pengadilan Selaku “Satelit” Imperium Hukum
(Resurgence Of John Austin’s Command Theory Of Law: High-Dosage Judicial Sovereignty As A “Satellite” Of The Legal Empire)
Abstract
Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan membantah stigma kontemporer yang memandang teori Austin, the command theory of law sekadar “limbah” dari masa lampau, teori yang sudah tidak lagi bernilai jual, baik dari sudut teoretis maupun pragmatis. Konsep “kedaulatan” diusungnya dianggap berbahaya, seolah Leviathan, yang bila “didekati” tidak akan mendatangkan apapun selain kerusakan, kebinasaan, dan neraka sosial di mana-mana. Inilah “citra hitam” yang dipersoalkan kajian ini. Kita hanya perlu sedikit “modifikasi” untuk mengubah teori di atas sehingga memiliki daya rangsang yang tinggi bagi peradaban agar melepaskan energi yang lebih besar dalam mengejar taraf penikmatan kolektif yang paling mengesankan atas kemaslahatan sosiologis yang dijanjikan rule of law dan demokrasi. “Caranya?” Ciptakan sebuah sistem hukum yang ujung-tombaknya adalah hakim-hakim yang secara politik “mengantongi kedaulatan” dalam dosis tinggi, sebagaimana didoktrinkan teori di atas. “Kedaulatan pengadilan” harus menjadi “sentra-gravitasi di setiap lini aktivitas pertumbuh-kembangan hukum,” di dalam ataupun di luar pengadilan. Basisnya adalah: “penganugerahan jabatan seumur hidup hakim agung.” Terkait kekhawatiran munculnya absolutisme pengadilan akibat metode ini, kita perlu mengoptimalkan fungsi Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat: memberhentikan di tengah jalan setiap hakim yang mengkhianati konstitusi dan aequitas. Formula ini telah sejak tiga abad lalu diterapkan di Amerika, dan berperan besar dalam mengantarkan Amerika tumbuh sebagai bangsa berperadaban tinggi.
Abstract
This article counters the prevailing negative portrayal of Austin’s command theory of law, which is often dismissed as nothing more than the discarded remnant of a bygone age—allegedly stripped of all theoretical and practical significance. The “sovereignty” concept embedded in Austin’s work is branded as hazardous, likened to a Leviathan, whose presence is thought to bring only ruin and social calamity. This article challenges that dark image. With only a slight modification, this theory can be reincarnated into a force capable of stimulating civilization to release greater energy to pursue the sociological benefits promised by the rule of law and democracy. The way forward? Construct a legal system whose vanguard consists of judges who, in political terms, possess true sovereignty, as envisioned by Austin. Judicial sovereignty must become the gravitational center of legal development, both inside and outside the courtroom. The granting of lifetime tenure to Supreme Court justices is needed, and empowering the People’s Consultative Assembly to dismiss justices who breach the Constitution and aequitas can address concerns about judicial absolutism. This formula, long practiced in the United States, has played a major role in its development into a highly civilized nation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Herman Bakir

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