TANGGUNG JAWAB NOTARIS TERHADAP EKSEKUSI JAMINAN PESAWAT UDARA DALAM INTERNATIONAL INTEREST PADA KONVENSI CAPE TOWN 2001
Abstract
Abstract
Notary as a public official is authorized to make authentic deeds based on Article 15 of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Position. The deed in question can be in the form of a deed of encumbrance of collateral on an object (movable or immovable) to a deed of execution of collateral against the object. The author understands that the execution of a fiduciary guarantee of a movable object has a very different concept from a lease agreement on an aircraft object. However, both have similarities, namely the existence of execution if there is a breach of promise (default) in the previously agreed agreement. In the execution of fiduciary guarantees, pledges, and mortgages, notaries play an active role in the preparation of the deed of auction minutes, while in the execution of aircraft mortgages until now there is no clarity in the implementation of its execution. Therefore, in 2007 Indonesia ratified the 2001 Cape Town Convention, one of which discusses the irrevocable letter of application for deregistration and export (IDERA) as a procedure for executing the aircraft as a whole (frame, engine, and components) in order to return to its country of origin. Prior to the existence of IDERA in Indonesia, if creditors wanted to recall their aircraft, they had to obtain a court decision first in order to recall the aircraft. Now, creditors can practically withdraw their aircraft using IDERA, which has the same power as a court decision. Against this, the author questions how the notary's responsibility in the execution of aircraft in international interests. From the results of this research, the author gets answers that have been analyzed through interviews with various relevant sources. That until now, the provisions regarding the property rights of aircraft are still unclear, so that notaries have not yet obtained clarity on their roles and responsibilities in the execution of international interests in Indonesia. The responsibility of the notary is only to legalize the aircraft ownership documents when registering the aircraft in Indonesia and make an authentic deed of lease agreement.
Abstrak
Notaris sebagai pejabat umum berwenang untuk membuat akta autentik berdasarkan Pasal 15 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris. Akta yang dimaksud dapat berupa akta pembebanan jaminan pada suatu benda (bergerak maupun tidak bergerak) hingga akta eksekusi atas jaminan terhadap benda tersebut. Penulis memahami bahwa eksekusi jaminan fidusia suatu benda bergerak memiliki konsep yang sangat berbeda dengan perjanjian sewa guna usaha (lease agreement) pada objek pesawat udara. Namun demikian, keduanya memiliki persamaan, yaitu adanya eksekusi apabila terdapat cidera janji (wanprestasi) dalam kesepakatan yang telah disepakati sebelumnya. Dalam eksekusi jaminan fidusia, gadai, maupun hak tanggungan, notaris berperan aktif dalam pembuatan akta risalah lelang, sedangkan dalam eksekusi pesawat terbang secara hipotek sampai saat ini tidak memiliki kejelasan dalam pelaksanaan eksekusinya. Oleh karena itu pada tahun 2007 Indonesia meratifikasi Konvensi Cape Town 2001 yang salah satunya membahas soal surat permohonan penghapusan pendaftaran dan ekspor yang tidak dapat dicabut kembali (IDERA) sebagai tata cara eksekusi pesawat udara secara keseluruhan (kerangka, mesin, dan beserta komponen di dalamnya) agar dapat kembali ke negara asalnya. Sebelum keberadaan IDERA di Indonesia, apabila kreditur ingin menarik kembali pesawat udaranya, mereka harus mendapatkan putusan pengadilan terlebih dahulu agar dapat menarik kembali pesawat udaranya. Kini kreditur dapat melakukan penarikan pesawat udara dengan praktis menggunakan IDERA yang memiliki kekuatan yang sama dengan putusan pengadilan. Terhadap hal tersebut penulis mempertanyakan bagaimanakah tanggung jawab notaris dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi pesawat udara pada kepentingan internasional. Dari hasil penelitian ini, penulis mendapatkan jawaban yang telah dianalisis melalui wawancara dengan berbagai narasumber terkait. Bahwasannya sampai dengan saat ini ketentuan soal hak kebendaan pesawat udara masih belum jelas, sehingga notaris juga belum mendapatkan kejelasan atas peran serta tanggung jawabnya dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi kepentingan internasional di Indonesia. Tanggung jawab notaris hanyalah melakukan legalisasi atas dokumen kepemilikan pesawat udara saat mendaftarkan pesawatnya di Indonesia dan membuat akta otentik atas perjanjian sewa guna usaha.
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